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Chemistry > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The study of chemicals that, in general, do not contain carbon

A

Inorganic chemistry

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2
Q

Concerned with the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change

A

Physical chemistry

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3
Q

The study of all chemicals contains carbon

A

Organic chemistry

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4
Q

The study of the processes that take place in organisms

A

Biochemistry

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5
Q

The study of the composition of matter

A

Analytical chemistry

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6
Q

Example of pure chemistry

A

Studying chemicals containing carbon

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7
Q

The variable that is observed during an experiment is called what type of variable?

A

Responding

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8
Q

Collaboration and communication are important in science because….

A

They increase the likelihood of a successful outcome

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9
Q

What field of science studies the composition and structure of matter?

A

Chemistry

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10
Q

Name the five FIELDS of chemistry

A 
Medicine 
Environment 
Materials
Energy 
Agriculture
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11
Q

What did Alchemists contribute to modern chemistry?

A

The use of symbols to represent substances and elements
Glassware and techniques
Metal alloys (mixes), such as bronze and pewter

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12
Q

How is a scientific theory different from a scientific law

A

A scientific theory can never be proven;the second it is proven, it becomes a law.

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13
Q

What is matter?

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space(volume)

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14
Q

What is mass?

A

The amount of matter in an object

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15
Q

What is weight?

A

The pull of gravity on an object

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16
Q

What is volume?

A

The space an object occupies

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17
Q

Units

A

L
dm^3
mL
cm^3

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18
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas

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19
Q

Describe/Draw the particles of a solid. How they act, move, etc.

A

The particles vibrate, and are very close together(packed tightly)

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20
Q

Describe/Draw the particles of a liquid. How they act, move, etc.

A

The particles aren’t a tightly packed as a solid. They move around more freely, but still bump into each other
Translating;close together

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21
Q

Describe/Draw the particles of a gas. How they act, move, etc.

A

The particles of a gas move extremely fast, and never bump into one another. They are far apart

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22
Q

Energy put into something is…

A

Endothermic

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23
Q

Energy removed from something is…

A

Exothermic

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24
Q

Solid–>liquid is endothermic or exothermic

A

Endothermic

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25
Q

Liquid to gas is endothermic or exothermic

A

Endothermic

26
Q

Solid to gas is endothermic or exothermic

A

Endothermic

27
Q

Gas to solid is endothermic or exothermic

A

Exothermic

28
Q

Liquid to solid is endothermic or exothermic

A

Exothermic

29
Q

Gas to liquid is endothermic or exothermic

A

Exothermic

30
Q

What is composition?

A

Composition is what matter is made of

31
Q

What is an atom?

A

An atom is a basic building clock of matter(100 different kinds)

32
Q

What are properties?

A

Properties are characteristics that describe the matter.

33
Q

Physical properties are what characteristics of matter ?

A

What matter looks like, smells like, its mass, its temp. Etc.

34
Q

Chemical properties are

A

How it behaves

35
Q

What do chemical properties do?

A

Chemical properties tell how a substance reacts with other substances

36
Q

What do physical properties do?

A

Physical properties can be observed without chemically changing the substance

37
Q

Extensive properties…

A

Depend on the amount of substance present

38
Q

Intensive properties

A

Do NOT depend on the amount of substance

39
Q

Pure substances…

A

Have a fixed composition

Have fixed properties

40
Q

Elements are

A

Single types of atoms

Ex.) Fe, N2, S8, U

41
Q

Compounds are

A

More than one element put together

Ex.) H2O, NaCl, HNO3

42
Q

Do pure substances have a chemical formula?

A

Yes

43
Q

Elements…

A

Contain only one type of atom

44
Q

How many classes of elements are there and what are they?

A

There are two classes of elements: monatomic and polyatomic. Monatomic elements consist of unbonded, “like” atoms. Polyatomic elements consist of several “like” atoms bonded together

45
Q

What are the seven diatomic elements?

A

The seven diatomic elements are hydrogen, bromine, iodine, oxygen, chlorine, nitrogen, and fluorine.

46
Q

Compounds..

A

Contain two or more different types of atoms

Have properties that are different from those of their constituent elements

47
Q

Mixtures are

A

Two or more substances mixed together

       - have varying composition 
       - have varying properties
48
Q

In a mixture substances are…

A

Not chemically bonded, and they retain their individual properties

49
Q

What are the two types of mixtures?

A

Homogeneous and heterogenous

50
Q

Homogeneous mixtures

A

-particles are microscopic; sample has some composition and properties throughout;evenly mixed

Can’t see all of the components

51
Q

Heterogeneous mixtures

A

Different composition and properties in the same sample; unevenly mixed
You can see all of the different components

52
Q

What is the difference between mixtures and compounds?

A

Mixtures can be easily separated while compounds can’t be. Compounds have to be separated chemically

53
Q

How can you separate a mixture?(involves physical means, or physical change)

A
  1. ) sorting: by color p, shape, texture, etc.
  2. ) filtration: particle size is different
  3. ) magnet: one substance must contain iron
  4. ) chromatography: some substances dissolve more easily than others
  5. ) density: “sink vs float”
  6. ) distillation: different boiling points
54
Q

What are the two types of changes?

A

Chemical and physical

55
Q

Describe a physical change. (Definition)

A

A change that does not alter the composition of matter (includes changes in state)

56
Q

Describe a chemical change. (Definition)

A

A change that does alter the composition of matter

57
Q

What are the four indicators of a chemical change?

A

1) change in color
2) release of energy
3) release of gas
4) formation of precipitate

58
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

A solid that falls(“rains”) out of a solution

59
Q

What is an Erlenmeyer Flask used for?

A

It is used to contain/ control different experiments

60
Q

How do you know when you’re using/studying pure chemistry?

A

You get a better understand of the different chemical reactions

Chemistry (1 decks)

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