Chapter 2

Question 1

Absolute zero

Answer 1

The lowest possible temperature - which is the temperature at which the atoms of a substance have no kinetic energy: 0 K = -273.15°C = -459.7°F.

Question 2

Alchemy

Answer 2

A medieval endeavor concerned with turning other metals to gold.

Question 3

Atoms

Answer 3

Extremely small fundamental units of matter.

Question 4

Avogadro’s Law

Answer 4

A gas law that describes the direct relationship between the volume of a gas and the number of gas particles it contains at constant pressure and temperature. The greater the number of particles - the greater the volume.

Question 5

Boiling

Answer 5

Evaporation in which bubbles form beneath the liquid surface.

Question 6

Boyle’s Law

Answer 6

A gas law that describes the indirect relationship between the pressure of a gas sample and its volume at constant temperature. The smaller the volume - the greater the pressure.

Question 7

Charles’s Law

Answer 7

A gas law that describes the direct relationship between the volume of a gas sample and its temperature at constant pressure. The greater the temperature - the greater the volume.

Question 8

Condensation

Answer 8

The transformation of a gas to a liquid. Density The amount of mass contained in a sample divided by the volume of the sample.

Question 9

Energy

Answer 9

The capacity to do work.

Question 10

Evaporation

Answer 10

The transformation of a liquid to a gas.

Question 11

Freezing

Answer 11

The transformation of a liquid to a solid.

Question 12

Gas

Answer 12

Matter that has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape - always filling any space available to it.

Question 13

Heat

Answer 13

The energy that flows from one object to another because of a temperature difference between the two.

Question 14

Ideal gas law

Answer 14

A gas law that summarizes the pressure - volume - temperature - and number of particles of a gas within a single equation often expressed as PV = nRT - where P is presure - V is volume - n is number of molecules - R is the gas constant - and T is temperature given in kelvin.

Question 15

Kinetic energy

Answer 15

Energy due to motion.

Question 16

Kinetic molecular theory

Answer 16

A theory that explains the proper- ties of solids - liquids - and gases by proposing that they consist of rapidly moving tiny particles - either atoms or molecules or both.

Question 17

Liquid

Answer 17

Matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape - assuming the shape of its container.

Question 18

Mass

Answer 18

The quantitative measure of how much matter an object contains.

Question 19

Melting

Answer 19

The transformation of a solid to a liquid. Molecule An extremely small fundamental structure built of atoms.

Question 20

Potential energy

Answer 20

Stored energy.

Question 21

Solid

Answer 21

Matter that has a definite volume and a definite shape.

Question 22

Submicroscopic

Answer 22

The realm of atoms and molecules - where objects are smaller than can be detected by optical microscopes.

Question 23

Temperature

Answer 23

How warm or cold an object is relative to some standard. Also - a measure of the average kinetic energy per molecule of a substance - measured in degrees Celsius - degrees Fahrenheit - or kelvin.

Question 24

Thermometer

Answer 24

An instrument used to measure temperature.

Question 25

Volume

Answer 25

The amount of space an object occupies.

Question 26

Weight

Answer 26

The gravitational force of attraction between two bodies (where one body is usually the Earth).