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AAE Anatomy > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

anything that takes up space and has mass

A

matter

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2
Q

the ability to do work

A

energy

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3
Q

the energy of motion.

A

kinetic energy

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4
Q

the energy stored in a things structure.

A

potential energy

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5
Q

the energy stored in the chemical bonds of molecules and compounds.

A

chemical energy

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6
Q

the movement of charged particles within something.

A

electrical energy

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7
Q

the sum of potential and kinetic energy. It could be both or either of the two

A

mechanical energy

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8
Q

the energy of electromagnetic radiation

A

radiant energy

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9
Q

can not be broken down any further. Each atom is one of these. Determined by protons

A

elements

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10
Q

an organized listing of all of elements that indicates their properties.

A

periodic table

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11
Q

a process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, as opposed to a change in physical form or a nuclear reaction

A

chemical reaction

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12
Q

the smallest unit of chemistry that is stable and keeps all properties.

A

atom

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13
Q

is the short hand version of the element name

ex: Hydrogen (H)

A

atomic symbol

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14
Q

have a positive charge and mass. Subatomic particle

A

protons

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15
Q

have no charge but have mass. Subatomic particle

A

neutrons

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16
Q

have a negative charge, but have no mass

A

electrons

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17
Q

the number of protons of a give atoms or element

A

atoms number

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18
Q

the same of an atoms protons and neutrons

A

atomic mass

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19
Q

usually in amu or daltons. it is an average of atomic mass with their commonality. another term for atomic mass

A

atomic weight

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20
Q

atoms of the same element (equal numbers of proton) but they have different numbers of neutrons

A

isotopes

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21
Q

isotopes with lots of neutrons. When the nucleus becomes heavy it become unstable and is more likely to radioactively decay

A

radioisotopes

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22
Q

the emission of ionizing radiation or particles caused by the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei.

A

radioactivity or radioactive decay

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23
Q

the combination of more than one atoms

A

molecules

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24
Q

the combination of more than one element

A

compound

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25
Q

a process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, as opposed to a change in physical form or a nuclear reaction.

A

chemical reactions

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26
Q

this is determined by the outer electrons. Often determines the properties of an atoms or element as well as its bonding patterns

A

energy levels (valance)

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27
Q

the outermost shell for electrons in a given element determines bonding

A

valance shell

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28
Q

a positively charged or negatively charged element

usually between nonmetals and metals. It is the transfer of electrons between anions and cations

A

ions

ionic bonds

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29
Q

is an ionic compound consisting of any cation except a hydrogen ion and any anion

A

salts

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30
Q

a chemical bond between two nonmetals. It is the sharing of electrons.

A

covalent bonds

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31
Q

the attraction of a slight negative part to a slightly positive part of another hydrogen. Relatively weak.

A

hydrogen bonds

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32
Q

the production of a whole from parts

A + B-> AB

A

synthesis reaction

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33
Q

the production of parts from a while

AB-> A+B

A

decomposition reaction

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34
Q

the molecular rearrangement of a compound

A

exchange reaction

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35
Q

carbon contains compounds. Generally used for life.

A

organic compounds

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36
Q

usually compounds that do not contain carbon or are simple carbon containing compounds

A

inorganic compounds

37
Q

H2O; the compile that supports life

A

water

38
Q

the amount of heat necessary to raise one gram of a substance one degree celsius

A

heat capacity

39
Q

the property of having poles or being polar. It results from uneven sharing of electrons

A

polarity

40
Q

the resolving agent in a mixture or solution

A

solvent

41
Q

the dissolved agent in a mixture.

A

solute

42
Q

the combination of solvent and solute.

A

solution/ mixture

43
Q

a mixture in which particles are dispersed throughout the bulk of a fluid.

A

suspension

44
Q

How Chemical Reactions Occur. In order for a chemical reaction to take place, the reactants must collide. The collision between the molecules in a chemical reaction provides the kinetic energy needed to break the necessary bonds so that new bonds can be formed.

A

collide chemical reactivity

45
Q

the combination of an anion and a cation

A

salts

46
Q

are certain nutrients (or chemicals) present in your body that have many important functions — from regulating your heartbeat to allowing your muscles to contract so you can move.

A

electrolytes

47
Q

a substance that release H+ into a solution [0,7)

A

acids

48
Q

removes H+ from a solution (7,14)

A

bases

49
Q

has a ph of 7. Generally pure water

A

neutral

50
Q

a scale that measures the acidity and basicity of a solution

A

PH

51
Q

resist change in PH. are a combination of an acid and its corresponding base

A

Buffers

52
Q

A carbohydrate is a biological molecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1; in other words, with the empirical formula Cₘₙ

A

carbohydrates

53
Q

a simple monosaccharide in which all of life is based

A

glucose

54
Q

the combination of monosaccharide through a glycosidic linkage.
ex: lactose, sucrose, maltose

A

disaccharide

55
Q

table sugar. Disaccharide.

A

sucrose

56
Q

the breakdown of a polymer to a monomer by adding water.

A

hydrolisis

57
Q

the synthesis of a polymer from a monomer by the removal of water

A

dehydration synthesis

58
Q

energy/ glucose storage in animals

A

glycogen

59
Q

amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by most green plants and multicellular animals as an energy store.

A

starch

60
Q

is a substance of biological origin that is soluble in nonpolar solvents. It comprises a group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins,

A

lipids

61
Q

building blocks of DNA

sugar+ nitrogenous base+ phosphate

A

nucleotides

62
Q

long chains of carbon atoms with attached hydrogen atoms that end in a carboxyl group.

A

fatty acids

63
Q

Ribonucleic acid. It is mad from DNA

A

RNA

64
Q

A-T as G-C

A

complementary bases

65
Q

the three-D structure of DNA it is the winding of two sheets around each other

A

double helix

66
Q

One adenosine bonded to three phosphates, the energy used in the power house of the cell

A

ATP

67
Q

is a simple polyol compound. It is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid that is sweet-tasting and non-toxic. The glycerol backbone is found in all lipids known as triglycerides

A

glycerol *

68
Q

a lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule as well as a glycerol

A

phospholipids *

69
Q

a polymer characterized by four fused rings

A

steroids *

70
Q

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues

A

protein*s

71
Q

Deoxyrobos nucleic acid. Double stranded contains all the genetic information necessary for gene expression

A

DNA

72
Q

sugar group, phosphate group, a nitrogenous base

A

Nucleotides

73
Q

are integral transmembrane proteins; that is they exist permanently within and span the membrane across which they transport substances.

A

transport protein nucleic acids

74
Q

A hormone is any member of a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour.

A

hormones

75
Q

An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin, is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.

A

antibodies

76
Q

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.

A

catalyst

77
Q

a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.

A

active sits

78
Q

Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products.

A

enzymes

79
Q

the base model of a protein without the R group included

A

functional proteins

80
Q

these proteins perform particular functions specifically in the nervous system

A

globular proteins

81
Q

a protein in the skin hair and nails

A

keratin

82
Q

a curled protein used Image result for collagen
Collagen is the most abundant protein in our bodies, especially type 1 collagen. It’s found in muscles, bones, skin, blood vessels, digestive system and tendons. It’s what helps give our skin strength and elasticity, along with replacing dead skin cells

A

Collagen

83
Q

used in our skeletal system, proteins that protect our shape

A

structural proteins

84
Q

the building blocks of proteins

A

amino acids *

85
Q

the NH2 group used in proteins and amines

A

amine group*

86
Q

-H+ group. Used to change the PH of a substance

A

acid group *

87
Q

the side chain that differentiates the protein

A

R-group *

88
Q

is a protein with an elongated shape. Fibrous proteins provide structural support for cells and tissues. There are special types of helices present in two fibrous proteins α-keratin and collagen. These proteins form long fibers that serve a structural role in the human body.

A

fibrous proteins

AAE Anatomy (6 decks)

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