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biopsychology > chapter 2 > Flashcards

chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

neuroplasticity

A

nervous systems potential for physical/chemical change based on environmental factors + compensation for injury

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2
Q

phenotypic plasticity

A

capacity to develop into more than one phenotype

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3
Q

central nervous system

CNS

A

brain stem + spinal chord

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4
Q

somatic nervous system

SNS

A

VOLUNTARY CONTROL OF BODY MOVEMENTS

MADE UP FO AFFERENT & EFFERENT NEURONS
acarrying sensory info to the CNS from, for example, muscle joints, skin…

TRANSMITS OUTGOING motor instructions that produce MOVEMENT!!

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5
Q

automatic nervous system

ANS

A

overseas function of internal organs
operates mostly unconsciously
regulates body functions such as heart rate, digestions, breathing, sexual arousal

primary control of fight or flight response!!

balances body’s internal organs using calming nerves (called parasympathetic) OR fight or flee nerves (called sympathetic)

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6
Q

Afferent

A

Neurons that RECEIVE information from our sensory organs and transmit this input to the CNS

SENSORY NERVES

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7
Q

Efferent

A

Neurons that SEND impulses from CNS to limbs and organs

MOTOR NERVES

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8
Q

Meninges

A

Triple-layered protective covering of brain and spinal cord

Made up of: 
Dura Mater
Arachnoid membrane
Subarachnoid space (filled w/ CSF) 
Pia Mater
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9
Q

CSF

Cerebrospinal Fluid

A

Between arachnoid + pia mater, fluid of sodium chloride and other salts…. cushions brain so it can move/expand slightly w/o pressing on skull

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10
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Outer surface of brain…. folded film of nerve tissue

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11
Q

Brain has ____ hemispheres with ____ lobes each

A

Brain has 2 hemispheres (left and right) with 4 lobes each

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12
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

executive brain functions, decision making

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13
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

directing movements, performing tasks such as grasping something

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14
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

hearing, language, musical ability

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15
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Visual Processing

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16
Q

Gyri/Gyrus

A

protrusion/bump from fold in cerebral cortex

17
Q

sulci/sulcus

A

groove in brain matter in neocortex or cerebellum

deep sucli called fissures

18
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

separates right & left hemispheres

19
Q

3 major cerebral arteries

A

anterior, middle, posterior

20
Q

stroke

A

sudden neurological symptoms as a result of severely interrupted blood flow

Left hemisphere stroke = right side affected

21
Q

grey matter

A

made of cell bodies + capillary blood vessels

collects and modifies information or supports that process

22
Q

white matter

A

nerve fibers with fatty coverings

forms connections between brain cells

23
Q

ventricles

A

there are 4 interconnected cavities in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the brain

may help maintain brain metabolism

24
Q

ischemic stroke

A

blood vessel blocked, by a clot for example

less severe + more common

can be treated within 3 hours with t-PA which clears blockage

25
Q

corpus callosum

A

band of white matter containing 200 million nerve fibers that connects the 2 cerebral hemispheres to facilitate communication between them

26
Q

neurons

A

carry out brains major functions

connected to each other by fibers called axons

27
Q

glial cells

A

aid and monitor neuron activities

28
Q

nucleus/nuclei

A

group of cells forming clusters

can be identified with stains

29
Q

axons

A

connect neurons to each other

running together, they form nerves

30
Q

tracts

A

collections of nerve fibers found within brain/spinal chord

31
Q

nerves

A

bundles of fibers located outside CNS structures

32
Q

peripheral nervous system PNS

A

one of two parts of nervous system

consists of nerves + ganglia OUTSIDE of brain + spinal cord

connects CNS to limbs and organs, a relay between brain + spinal cord + rest of body

not protected by vertebral column + skull or blood-brain barrier, is exposed to toxins

biopsychology (1 decks)

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