Chapter 2

Question 1

Why is 1648 a seminal year for scholars of International relations? (2 things)

Answer 1

1. marked a decrease of religious authority in Europe

2. rise of secular authority in form of sovereign.

Question 2

why did European Monarchs collect more taxes in the 1600s? (3 things)

Answer 2

1. the needed more money to build armies
2. so they could strengthen their power
3. and capture more territory

Question 3

What is sovereignty?

Answer 3

The authority of a state to govern matters within its own borders

Question 4

In the 7th century what were Europe’s 4 most powerful states?

Answer 4

1. France
2. England
3. Russia
4. Austria

Question 5

Who is Adam Smith?

Answer 5

The founder of capitalism

Question 6

Adam Smith would posit that the wealth of states and of the international system is increased when

Answer 6

individuals are allowed to pursue their rational self-interests, unrestrained by state regulation

Question 7

What is Nationalism?

Answer 7

identification of the masses with their common history, language, customs and practices.

Question 8

Napoleons Army was defeated when it invaded

Answer 8

Russia

Question 9

Why did 19th century Europe have relative peace? (4 things)

Answer 9

1. nations enjoyed feeling of solidarity
2. unification of Germany and Italy were internal
3. focus on imperialism and colonialism
4. elites united in fear of mass revolution.

Question 10

What was a major motive for colonialism?

Answer 10

a desire for economic gains

Question 11

Why were alliances formed in nineteenth century Europe?

Answer 11

to counteract potentially more powerful factions

Question 12

What was one thing that was part of the nineteenth century balance of power system in Europe?

Answer 12

forming alliances

Question 13

What ended the balance of power system in Europe and led to WWI?

Answer 13

The solidification of previously flexible alliances between European powers

Question 14

The treaty of Versailles that ended WWI fueled ____ dissatisfaction and how?

Answer 14

1. German

2. by making them pay the economic cost of war

Question 15

What was the ultimate factor that led to the failure of the League of Nations?

Answer 15

The league lacked the needed political weight, legal instruments and legitimacy.

Question 16

The most important outcome of WWII was (2 things)

Answer 16

1. The emergence of two superpowers

2. the decline of Europe as the epicenter of world politics.

Question 17

What similarities were there between Germany and Korea during the cold war?

Answer 17

each country was ultimately divided between a communist and noncommunist half

Question 18

Containment was used most by who in the in the Cold War?

Answer 18

The united states

Question 19

In the Cuban missile crisis

Answer 19

The US objected to the Soviet Union placing missiles in Cuba.

Question 20

What is Detente?

Answer 20

The lessening of tensions between the Superpowers beginning in the 1960s

Question 21

Perestroika and glasnost, two domestic processes initiated by Mikhail and Gorbachev and other Soviet reformers were intended to do what?

Answer 21

save the Soviet system, but ultimately led to its demise.