Chapter 2

Question 1

Matter exists in 3 physical states

Answer 1

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Question 2

Matter exists in two chemical forms

Answer 2

Elements and compounds

Question 3

Compounds

Answer 3

Combinations of two or more different elements bound in fixed proportions

Question 4

Atomic theory

Answer 4

The idea that all elements are made of atoms

Question 5

Organic compounds are made up of:

Answer 5

-2 Carbon atoms + something else

EXCEPTION=Methane

Question 6

Hydrocarbons

Answer 6

Compounds of carbon and hydrogen atoms

Organic compound

Question 7

Simple carbohydrates

Answer 7

Specific types of compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

Question 8

Polymers

Answer 8

Large molecules made of smaller subunits called monomers joined together

Question 9

The 3 major types of organic molecules are:

Answer 9

• Complex carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids

Question 10

Cell theory

Answer 10

Idea that all living organisms are made of cells

Question 11

DNA contains:

Answer 11

Sequences of nucleotides that form genes that code for traits

Question 12

Chromosomes

Answer 12

Thousands of genes composed of DNA and protein

Question 13

Law of Conservation of Matter

Answer 13

Whenever matter undergoes a physical or chemical change, no atoms are created or destroyed

Question 14

Energy

Answer 14

The capacity to do work or transfer heat

Question 15

Kinetic energy

Answer 15

Energy associated with motion

Ex: Wind, flowing water, a speeding car, and electricity

Question 16

Heat (thermal energy) is a form of

Answer 16

Kinetic energy

When two objects at different temperatures come into contact, heat flows from the warmer to the cooler object

Question 17

Electromagnetic radiation

Answer 17

Occurs when energy travels as waves as a result of changes in electrical and magnetic fields

(Kinetic energy)

Question 18

Indirect forms of renewable solar energy:

Answer 18

• Wind
• Hydropower
• Biomass

Question 19

Solar energy

Answer 19

• 99% of energy

- heats the earth and provides us with food

Question 20

Commercial energy

Answer 20

Energy sold in the marketplace

• makes up the remaining 1% of energy supplementing solar energy
• 90% of which comes from non renewable fossil fuels

Question 21

High-quality energy

Answer 21

Concentrated and has a high capacity to do useful work

Question 22

First law of thermodynamics

Answer 22

The law of conservation of energy

-when energy is converted from one form to another, NO ENERGY IS CREATED OR DESTROYED.

Question 23

The second law of thermodynamics

Answer 23

When energy is changed from one form to another, energy quality is depleted

Question 24

A system

Answer 24

A set of components that function and interact in some regular way

Ex: A cell, the human body, a forest, an economy, a car, or the earth.

Question 25

Feedback

Answer 25

Any process that increases or decreases a change in the system

Question 26

Systems have

Answer 26

Inputs, throughputs of flows, and outputs.

Question 27

Ecological tipping point

Answer 27

A feedback loop that changes a system so drastically it can cause a system to collapse (or degrade)