Chapter 2 (Atoms, Molecules, And Bonds)

Question 1

Subatomic particles

Answer 1

Protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 2

Isotopes

Answer 2

Elements with same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 3

Science with a structure of matter

Answer 3

Chemistry

Question 4

Atomic number

Answer 4

of protons

Question 5

The area that electrons travel within

Answer 5

Electron cloud

Question 6

Used to show how electrons take up space;the series of energy levels in which electrons occupy

Answer 6

Electron shell

Question 7

Pure substance composed of atoms of only one kind

Answer 7

Element

Question 8

Atoms

Answer 8

Smallest unit of matter

Question 9

The time required for a given amount of isotope to decay

Answer 9

Half life

Question 10

Actual mass of an atom; expressed as AMU

Answer 10

Atomic weight

Question 11

Quantity with a weight, in grams equal to that elements atomic weight
6.022 x 10 to 23 power

Answer 11

The mole

Question 12

Outermost energy level that determines reactivity

Answer 12

Valence shell

Question 13

Forces formed by atom interactions

Answer 13

Chemical bond

Question 14

Chemical structure consisting of atoms held together by covalent bonds.

Answer 14

Molecule

Question 15

Pure chemical substance made up of atoms of 2 or more different elements

Answer 15

Compound

Question 16

The octet rule states…

Answer 16

An atom is in its lowest energy state with a full valence shell.

Question 17

A measure of an atoms pull on electrons

Answer 17

Electronegativity

Question 18

Electronegativity rules (the differences between two atoms in Electronegativity)

Answer 18

Ionic>2

Polar

Question 19

Movement of an object or change in its physical structure

Answer 19

Work

Question 20

The capacity to perform work

Answer 20

Energy

Question 21

Energy in motion

Answer 21

Kinetic energy

Question 22

Stored energy resulting from position or structure

Answer 22

Potential energy

Question 23

Are conversions in energy 100% efficient?

Answer 23

No (energy is conservative)

Question 24

The sum of the atomic weights of the component atoms

Answer 24

Molecular weight

Question 25

Short hand that describes chemical compounds and reactions

Answer 25

Chemical notation

Question 26

The sum of all chemical reactions in your body

Answer 26

Metabolism

Question 27

What are the three types of metabolic reactions?

Answer 27

Decomposition, synthesis, and exchange

Question 28

Catabolism

Answer 28

Cells gain energy and break down complex molecules

Question 29

Anabolism

Answer 29

Uses energy and synthesizes new molecules

*(anabolism=catabolism)

Question 30

When the rates of two opposing reactions are in balance

Answer 30

Equilibrium

Question 31

How do enzymes increase the rate of a reaction

Answer 31

Activation energy(the amount of energy needed to start a reaction)
*Enzymes are catalysts and reduce the activation energy without being permanently changed

Question 32

Organic compounds

Answer 32

Carbon, hydrogen, and sometimes oxygen

Question 33

Is a carbon-hydrogen bond polar or non-polar

Answer 33

Non-polar

Question 34

What are the four major classes of organic compounds?

Answer 34

• carbohydrates
• lipids
• proteins
• Nucleic acids

Question 35

Carbohydrates

Answer 35

• important energy source for metabolism
• monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
• di and polysaccharides formed from monosaccharides undergoing dehydration synthesis (removing of water)

Question 36

Lipids

Answer 36

Fatty acids, eicosanoids, glycerides, steroids, phospholipids, glycolipids