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Psycology > Chapter 2- Biology > Flashcards

Chapter 2- Biology Flashcards

1
Q

The individual nerve cell in the Nervous system

A

Neuron

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2
Q

Chemicals held in terminal buttons that travel through the synaptic gap

A

Neurotransmitters

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3
Q

Little branches off of the cell body that receive messages from other cells

A

Dendrites

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4
Q

Part of the cell that passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons muscles or glands

A

Axon

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5
Q

Electrical signal traveling down the axon

A

Neural impulse

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6
Q

Covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses

A

Myelin sheath

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7
Q

The cells life support center

A

Cell body

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8
Q

How does a neuron fire?

A

Starts with resting potential slightly negative charge, reaches the threshold when enough neurotransmitters reach dendrites. Goes into action potential. All or non-response. Transfer of ions across axons membrane causes electrical charge.

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9
Q

Deals with motor movement and memory, lack of this has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease.

A

acetylcholine

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10
Q

Deals with motor movement and alertness. Lack of this has been linked to Parkinson’s disease. Too much has linked to schizophrenia.

A

Dopamine

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11
Q

Involved and mood control. Lack of this has been linked to clinical depression.

A

Serotonin

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12
Q

Involved in pain control. Many of our most addictive drugs deal with these.

A

Endorphins

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13
Q

Makes neurons fired

A

Agonists

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14
Q

Stops neural firing

A

Antagonists

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15
Q

Blocks reuptake

A

Reuptake inhibitor’s

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16
Q

Sends signals from the brain to the muscles and glands and organs of the body in response to sensory input

A

Efferent neurons

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17
Q

Neurons that connect spinal motor and sensory neurons

A

Interneurons

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18
Q

Carries signals to the brain and spinal cord as sensory data

A

Afferent neurons

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19
Q

The part of the nervous system with two branches. The autonomic and the somatic. All nerves that are not encased in bone. Includes everything except the brain and the spinal cord.

A

Peripheral nervous system

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20
Q

Branch of peripheral nervous system that controls self regulated action of internal organs and glands

A

Autonomic

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21
Q

Branch of peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles

A

Somatic nervous system

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22
Q

Part of the autonomic nervous system that arouses people. I fight or flight response. Automatically accelerates heart rate, breathing, dilates pupils, slows down digestion.

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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23
Q

Part of autonomic nervous system that calms people. Slows the body down after a stressful event. Heart rate and breathing slow down, pupils constrict indigestion speeds up.

A

Parasympathetic

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24
Q

The system that controls the brain and the spinal cord

A

Central nervous system (CNS)

25
Q

The reaction that occurs when sensory neurons reach just the spinal cord. This is a survival adaptation.

A

Reflexes

26
Q

Made up of neurons and glial cells. Glial cells support neural cells. Does not produce electrical impulses…Maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons.

A

The brain

27
Q

Person who got a pole/stick stuck in head that went through his brain.

A

Phineas Gage

28
Q

Cutting into the brain and looking for a change.

A

Lesions

29
Q

Can determine changes in brain activity that might be useful and diagnosing brain disorders, especially epilepsy or another seizure disorder. Measures electro activity

A

EEG

30
Q

The scan you use when you cannot undergo an MRI for some reason. You have to have your blood vessels examined. Your injury involves soft tissue damage. You need to examine a part of the body was very small bone components. Your undergoing some form of cancer treatment.

A

CT scan

31
Q

This test can help diagnose a disease or injury. You might need this if an x-ray or CT scan didn’t give enough information about your disorder/condition

A

MRI

32
Q

This test looks at blood flow in your brain to see which areas become active when you do certain tasks. It can detect brain problems such as effects of a stroke.

A

FMRI

33
Q

This test can inspect your blood flow, your oxygen intake, or the metabolism of your organs and tissues.

A

Pet scan

34
Q

What are the three brain structures.

A

Hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

35
Q

Located in brain stem. Controls heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, and the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

A

Medulla oblongata

36
Q

A brain stem that connects hind brain, midbrain, and forebrain together. Involved in facial expressions. They serve as a message station between several areas of the brain. Vital for sleep

A

Pons

37
Q

Located in the back of our head. Coordinates muscle movements and it’s like tracking a target. Controls balance

A

Cerebellum

38
Q

Coordinates simple movements with sensory information. Contains the reticular formation: a result and ability to focus attention.

A

Midbrain

39
Q

This is in the forebrain and receives sensory information and send them to appropriate areas of four brain. This is like a switchboard and controls everything but smell.

A

Thalamus

40
Q

Emotional control center of the brain. Is made up of hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus

A

The limbic system

41
Q

. Controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, sexual a result, and the endocrine system.

A

Hypothalamus

42
Q

Involved in memory processing

A

Hippocampus

43
Q

Vital for our basic emotions

A

Amygalda

44
Q

Top layer of our brain. Contains wrinkles called fishers. These increase surface area of our brain.

A

Cerebral cortex

45
Q

Our brain is divided into left and right what? Lefties are better at spatial and creative tasks, and righties are better at logic.

A

Hemispheres

46
Q

Left controls right side of body and vice versa

A

Contralateral controlled

47
Q

This happens when corpus callosum attaches the two hemispheres of cerebral cortex. When removed you have this kind of patient.

A

Split brain patients

48
Q

Any area of the cerebral cortex not dealing with our senses or muscle movements are called what?

A

Association areas

49
Q

Deals with planning, maintaining emotional control and abstract thought. Contains Brokas area.

A

Frontal lobe

50
Q

Located at the top of our head. Contains the Cimato sensory cortex.

A

Parietal lobes

51
Q

Processes sounds since my ears. Contains Wernickes area.

A

Temporal lobe

52
Q

In the back of our head. Handles visual input from eyes.

A

Occipital lobes

53
Q

The ability for our brains to form new connections after the neurons are damaged.

A

Brain plasticity

54
Q

System of glands that secrete hormones. Controlled by the hypothalamus. Contains ovaries and testes and the adrenal gland.

A

Endocrine system

55
Q

How many Chromosomes does every human cells contain?

A

46 and 23 pairs

56
Q

Gender comes from what pair of chromosomes?

A

23rd

57
Q

What causes someone to have turner syndrome

A

A single X chromosome

58
Q

What causes someone to have Klinefelter syndrome?

A

Extra X so XXY

59
Q

Down syndrome is caused by having what?

A

Extra chromosome on 21st pair

Psycology (2 decks)

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