Chapter 2/ Cell div. and differentiation

Question 1

Chromosomes

Answer 1

structures of DNA found in pairs in the nucleus of the cells which contain the inherited material

Question 2

Gene

Answer 2

small pocket of information that controls a characteristic, or part of a characteristic of your body, a section of DNA

Question 3

Allele

Answer 3

a particular form of a gene which codes for a particular characteristic

Question 4

Differentiation

Answer 4

is the process by which cells become specialised and adapted to carry out a particular function in the body of a living organism; it is important because the cells of an early embryio are the same but organisms need different cells to carry out different roles in the body

Question 5

Stem cell

Answer 5

undifferentiated cell with the potential to form a wide variety of different cell types

Question 6

Adult stem cells

Answer 6

stem cell that is found in small quantities in adult tissues (bone marrow)

Question 7

Cloning

Answer 7

the production of offspring which are genetically identical to the parent organism

Question 8

Mitosis

Answer 8

asexual cell division where two identical cells are formed

Question 9

Gametes

Answer 9

~ sex cells

Question 10

Meiosis

Answer 10

two stage process of cell division which reproduces the chromosome number of the daughter cells, it is involved in making the gametes for sexual reproduction

Question 11

Zygote

Answer 11

cells formed when the male and female gametes fuse at fertilisation

Question 12

Embryonic stem cell

Answer 12

stem cell with the potential to form a number of different specialised cell types, which is taken from an early embryo

Question 13

Therapeutic cloning

Answer 13

cloning by transferring the nucleus of an adult cell to an empty egg to produce tissues or organd which could be used in medicine

Question 14

Cell cycle

Answer 14

the sequence of events by which cells grow and divide

Question 15

Puberty

Answer 15

stage of developement when the sexual organs and the body become adult

Question 16

Tumour

Answer 16

mass of abnormally growing cells that forms when cells do not respond to the normal mechanisms that control the cell cycle

Question 17

Benign tumour

Answer 17

tumour that grows in one location and does not invade other tissues

Question 18

Malignant tumour

Answer 18

tumour that can spread around the body, invading healthy tissues as well as splitting and formating secondary tumour

Question 19

Metastase

Answer 19

the way in which maligmant tumours spread through the body

Question 20

Cancet

Answer 20

common name for a malignant tumour

Question 21

Carcinogen

Answer 21

chemical that can cause mutations in cells and so trigget the formation of malignant cells

Question 22

Ionising radiation

Answer 22

radiation made of particles which produce ions in the materials that they pass through….