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Disease Processes > Chapter 2 Immunity And The Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Immunity And The Lymphatic System Flashcards

0
Q

Specific Immunity

A

Immunity that once in contact with a foreign agent, is able to respond to future exposures of that agent.

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1
Q

Immunity

A

The ability of the body to defend itself against infectious agents, foreign cells, and abnormal body cells

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2
Q

Nonspecific Immunity

A

Also known as innate immunity, is immunity that is present at birth and provides immediate but general protection from foreign agents in the body

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3
Q

What immunity can be artificially created?

A

Immunization

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4
Q

What is the body’s first line of defense?

A

Skin

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5
Q

What type of barrier is the skin?

A

Physical barrier

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6
Q

Chemical barrier

A

A barrier such as tears, saliva, sweat, and oil that is secreted as a protection to infection.

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7
Q

Misconstrued is a form of what type of barrier?

A

Chemical

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8
Q

Phagocytosis

A

White blood cells (leukocytes) “eat” bacteria or other material. Fairly non specific because the process cannot remember past invaders.

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9
Q

Physical and chemical barriers are a form of what type of immunity?

A

Nonspecific

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10
Q

Phagocytosis is a form of what type of immunity?

A

Nonspecific

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11
Q

Natural Killer Cells

A

Type of leukocyte that recognizes body cells with abnormal membranes and kills then by secreting a protein that destroys the cell membrane

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12
Q

Natural killer cells are what type of immunity?

A

Nonspecific

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13
Q

Fever

A

A sign that the body is defending itself, because when the phagocytes find a destroy invaders, they release substances that raise body temperature.

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14
Q

How does fever aid the immune system?

A

By stimulating phagocytes, increasing metabolism, and inhibiting the multiplication of some organisms.

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15
Q

Fever is what type of immunity?

A

Nonspecific

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16
Q

Interferon

A

Group of substances that stimulate the immune system and is used to treat infections and cancer. It interferes with viral multiplication.

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17
Q

Interferon is what type of immunity?

A

Nonspecific

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18
Q

Inflammation

A

May be caused by trama or injury, or is a physical irritant in the tissue. It is a protective tissue response to injury or invasion. Increased blood flow to the area.

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19
Q

Hyperemia

A

Increased amount of blood flow to the injured area during inflammation.

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20
Q

Neutrophils

A

Leukocytes that line up within the capillary walls during inflammation. Specialized cells that defend the body against invading organisms and speed healing by

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21
Q

What cell lines up the capillary walls during inflammation?

A

Neutrophils

22
Q

Histamine

A

Substance released by damaged tissue that causes the capillary walls to become more permeable which enables plasma and neutrophils to move out of the blood vessels into the tissue.

23
Q

Histamine

A

Damaged tissue releases histamine that causes the capillary walls to become permeable that allows plasma and neutophils to move out of the blood vessels into the tissue.

24
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Attraction of white blood cells to the site of the inflammation

25
Q

Inflammatory Exudate

A

When the white blood cells escape from the capillaries, it causes swelling and the excess of fluid in the tissues puts pressure on the nerve endings causing pain

26
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Excessive production of white blood cells, and is a sign of infection or inflammation

27
Q

Why do neutrophils die?

A

After ingesting bacteria, they release substances that liquefy the surrounding tissue, forming pus

28
Q

Monocyte or Macrophages

A

follow the nuetrophils in the process of clearing debree.

29
Q

Fibrin

A

The inflammatory exude the contains protein, essentail to the blood clotting mechanism

30
Q

Why is Fibrin important?

A

Forms a clot in the damaged tissue, walling off the infection and preventing its spread

31
Q

pyogenic

A

bacteria that cause pus formations

32
Q

suppurative

A

Inflammation associated with pus formation

33
Q

Give examples of suppurative inflammtion

A

Abcesses, boils, and styes

34
Q

Fibroblasts

A

in fibrosis, it is a type of connective tissue cell that produces collagen fibers. The fibers contract drawing the cut surfaces together

35
Q

Adhesions

A

Collagen fibers that anchor together with adjacent structures, but can interfere with organ functions

36
Q

What body system is used primarily for immunity?

A

Lymphatic System

37
Q

Lymph

A

Fluid left body in the body, that has “leaked” out of the capillary beds. It must be returned to the blood

38
Q

lymphocytes

A

produced by lymphnodes, it is a type of white blood cell that responds to bacteria, viruses, and other foreign material

39
Q

Antigen

A

The foreign element that has triggered an immunity response.

40
Q

Humoral Immunity includes what

A

antibodies

41
Q

Cell mediated immunity uses what

A

lymphocytes

42
Q

What two types of lymphocytes provide immunity?

A

T and B lymphocytes

43
Q

Cell Mediated immunity uses what specific lymphocyte?

A

T lymphocytes

44
Q

Where are the T lymphocytes produced?

A

Thymus gland

45
Q

Humoral Immunity uses what specific lymphocyte?

A

B lymphocytes

46
Q

Plasma Cells

A

Cells that divide rapidly and produce a large number of antibodies

47
Q

What type of lymphocytes can turn into plasma cells for immunity?

A

B lymphocytes

48
Q

Immunoglobulin

A

plasma protiens secreted by plasma cells that are antibodies that are distributed into the blood stream and transported around the body

49
Q

Antibodies do what to antigens?

A

“tag” them for destruction by the immune system

50
Q

Memory Cells

A

Type of B lymphocyte that becomes activated when in contact with an antigen and releases and more potent and rapid antibody reponse during subseqent exposures.

51
Q

What are the different types of T cells?

A

cytotoxic and helper (CD8 and CD4) Memory and Supressor

52
Q

Cytotoxic cells

A

Killer of antigens, type of T lymphocyte

53
Q

Helper T Cells

A

secrete lymphokines that increase the response of other lymphoid cells

Disease Processes (1 decks)

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