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AP Psych > Chapter 2 – Statics, Ethics, Experiments > Flashcards

Chapter 2 – Statics, Ethics, Experiments Flashcards

0
Q

Correlational coefficient

A

Index of how interrelated variables are on a scale of -1.0 to +1.0

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1
Q

Correlational research

A

Changes in one variable accompanied by changes in another

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2
Q

Correlation does not imply

A

Causation

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3
Q

Experimental research

A

Controlled situation where variables are manipulated

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4
Q

Independent variable

A

Aspect that is changed to get result of the other

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5
Q

Dependent variable

A

Changes due to change in independent variable; measured

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6
Q

Experimental group

A

A group that is changed to get a result (complete procedure that defines experiment)

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7
Q

Control group

A

Exact same treatment except for single aspect tested for.

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8
Q

Confound

A

An independent variable that varies with one’s interest and could be actual basis for what you’re missing; in essence, a pretender

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9
Q

Random assignment

A

Assigning participants randomly to experiment/control groups so you can eliminate bias

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10
Q

Operational definitions

A

Specific observation method of describing our terms in a study; asks “what to do or what to observe?”

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11
Q

Descriptive research

A

Devoted to simply describing things the way they are

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12
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

Unobtrusive observation of behaviors in or approximately in their naturally occurring context

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13
Q

Case study

A

Focus on a single instance of a situation, examining it in detail

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14
Q

Survey research

A

Set of questions put to a number of participants about their beliefs, attitudes, preference, or activities

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15
Q

Longitudinal studies(research)

A

Take place with same cohorts over a number of years.

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16
Q

Cross-sectional studies (research)

A

Studying using different age cohorts at same time

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17
Q

Statistics

A

Differences/patterns of differences in measurement

18
Q

Descriptive statistics

A

Concise ways of summarizing properties of sets of numbers

19
Q

Frequency distribution

A

Number of each type of case that was observed in a set of data

20
Q

Central tendency

A

Clustering of most characteristic values of data for a group; mean, median, mode, norm v. skewed dist.

21
Q

Measures of variability

A

Information about the spread of the scores (similar to frequency distribution)

22
Q

Range/standard deviation

A

Tells us the average variability at different points in a set of data

23
Q

Inferential statistics

A

Results of tests that reveal whether differences or patterns in measurements reflect true differences or just chance variations

24
Q

Statistical significance

A

INSERT DEFINITION LATER

25
Q

Population

A

Entire set of all relevant people/animals; all of them, impossible to study

26
Q

Sample

A

Group drawn from population to be tested

27
Q

A sample must

A

The representative of the entire population; If not representative, cannot generalize

28
Q

Selective recording

A

recording that makes it seem like the study had intended results… or better!

29
Q

Informed consent

A

Requirement to inform participants of all the procedures, risks, and benefits before agreement

30
Q

Principle A

A

Beneficence and Nonmaleficence; do not harm, Guide against misuse of influence.

31
Q

Principle B

A

Fidelity and responsibility; psychologist must accept responsibility for their actions, manage conflicts of interest.

32
Q

Principle C

A

Integrity; promote accuracy, honesty, and truthfulness; don’t engage in theft, cheating, fraud, scepter fuse, intentionally lying

33
Q

Principle D

A

Justice; entitles all people access and benefits to psychologist; equal quality in the process, procedures, and services being conducted by psychologists.

34
Q

Principle E

A

Respect People’s Rights and Dignity; Be discreet/private; don’t fuck up your participants; respect cultural differences.

35
Q

Placebo

A

A “medicine” that has no active ingredients and works by the power of suggestion

36
Q

Double-blind study

A

a study during which neither participants nor researchers know to which group any subject belongs

37
Q

Hypothesis

A

A statement of the results and experimenter expects

38
Q

Subjects

A

People/animals on whom study is conducted

39
Q

Variables

A

Factors that change in an experiment

40
Q

Field study

A

Research that takes place OUTSIDE of the laboratory

41
Q

Representative sample

A

A group that TRULY reflects a selected characteristics of larger population

42
Q

Interview

A

a research method that involves studying people face-to-face and asking questions

43
Q

Psychological studies

A

Objective methods for observation and measurement of subjects in various areas, such as intelligence.

AP Psych (6 decks)

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