Chapter 2, testing for a proportion

Question 1

A null hypothesis assumes

Answer 1

no change, no difference, or no association in the situation we’re studying

Question 2

P-value

Answer 2

the probability of getting a sample result at least this far from expectation by random change if the Null Hypothesis is true

Question 3

A null hypothesis should represent a

Answer 3

General event

Question 4

A P-value is a way for us to judge the

Answer 4

plausibility of a particular sample result under the null hypothesis

Question 5

p-value approaching 0 means

Answer 5

sample results are impossible to observe under null hypothesis

Question 6

The closer our sample results are to expectation the

Answer 6

higher the p-value and the more compatible our results are with null hypothesis

Question 7

Null model

Answer 7

a set of possible results that could happen under a Null Hypothesis

Question 8

Directional Investigation

Answer 8

our results only matter (or support our theory) if they are specifically higher or lower than expectation

Question 9

Non-directional Investigation

Answer 9

Our results could matter (or support our theory) if they demonstrate a departure in either direction from expectation

Question 10

Reject the Null

Answer 10

P-value is low

Question 11

Fail to reject the null

Answer 11

p-value is high

Question 12

What does a null hypothesis represent when you complete a hypothesis test?

Answer 12

• the null hypothesis is always going to include a statement of equality
• the null hypothesis is typically representing the status quo, the idea that nothing unusual or ordinary is taking place

Question 13

What does an alternative hypothesis represent when you complete a hypothesis test?

Answer 13

• the alternative hypothesis represents the presence of an effect, or departure from the null hypothesis
• the alternative hypothesis is something we typically conclude when we get a really low p-value