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Microbiology Exam 4 > Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Flashcards

1
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Lyme disease (skin/skeletal, nervous/muscle, & lymph)

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2
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A

Cholera (gastrointestinal)

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3
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A

Gastroenteritis (gastrointestinal)

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4
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

Peptic ulcers & gastric cancer (gastrointestinal)

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5
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (skin/skeletal, nervous/muscle, lymph)

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6
Q

Borrelia characteristics

A

Gram negative

Spirochete

Perplasmic flagella

Flexible helix

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7
Q

Lyme disease transmission

A

Arthropod vector (lxodes ticks)

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8
Q

What happens in the early stages of Lyme disease

A

70% of cases result in bulls eye rash (erythema migrans)

Headache, stiff neck, dizziness

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9
Q

Treatment for early stage Lyme disease

A

Doxycycline & amoxicillin

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10
Q

What happens in late stage of Lyme disease

A

Irregular heartbeat, facial palsy, imbalance, polyarthritis

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11
Q

Treatment for late stage of Lyme disease

A

Azithromycin

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12
Q

Who can you not give doxycycline to

A

Pregnant women or young kids

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13
Q

Is Lyme disease fatal

A

NO

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14
Q

Vibrio cholerae characteristics

A

Gram negative

Comma

Monotrichous ( 1 flagella)

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15
Q

Cholera transmission

A

Ingestion of contaminated water, compromised sewage disposal systems and sanitation

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16
Q

Is Cholera highly infectious

A

No it’s ID is 10^8 so bc it’s ID is high, it’s not very infectious

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17
Q

Why is Cholera not highly infectious

A

It has to overcome the acidic environment of the stomach

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18
Q

Cholera toxin

A

Exotoxin

Causes it to release electrolytes

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19
Q

Cholera symptoms

A

Watery feces

Rice water stools

Drop in blood volume

Potassium depletion

Acidosis

Muscle cramps

Polydipsia

Organ failure

Shock

Death

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20
Q

Cholera treatment

A

Water and electrolyte replacement

No abx

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21
Q

Polydipsia definition

A

Increase thirst

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22
Q

Campylobacter jejuni characteristics

A

Gram negative

Curved or spiral bacillus

Monotrichous

Microaerophile

Common resident of intestinal tract

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23
Q

Campylobacter Gastroenteritis transmission

A

Ingestion of contaminated food or water

24
Q

Campylobacter gastroenteritis symptoms

A

abdominal pain, bloody or watery diarrhea

25
Q

What toxin does campylobacter gastroenteritis have

A

CJ toxin

26
Q

Campylobacter gastroenteritis treatment

A

Water, electrolyte replacement, and azithromycin

27
Q

Helicobacter pylori characteristics

A

Gram negative

Spiral bacillus

Amphitrichous

Microaerophile

28
Q

Peptic ulcers transmission

A

Oral-oral or oral-fecal route

29
Q

Which blood type is more susceptible to peptic ulcers

A

Blood type O

30
Q

What toxin is in peptic ulcers

A

Urease

31
Q

How are peptic ulcers diagnosed

A

Breath test

32
Q

Peptic ulcers treatment

A

Proton pump inhibitors ( Tagamet, Zantac)

Abx

33
Q

Vibrio cholerae site of infection

A

Small intestine

34
Q

Campylobacter jejuni site of infection

A

Colon

35
Q

Helicobacter pylori site of infection

A

Stomach; duodenum

36
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii characteristics

A

Gram negative

Cocobacillus

Obligate intracellular parasite

Nonmotile

37
Q

Rocky Mountain spotted fever transmission

A

Anthropod vector (dermacentor ticks)

38
Q

How are rickettsias transferred

A

To offspring by infected female ticks

39
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii treatment

A

Doxycycline

40
Q

Sepsis is what combined

A

Infection + SIRS = Sepsis

41
Q

What does SIRS stand for

A

S - systemic

I - inflammatory

R - response

S - syndrome

42
Q

What is the order of sepsis

A

SIRS

Sepsis

Severe sepsis (organ damage)

Septic shock (drop in BP)

Death

43
Q

Is sepsis transmitted

A

No since it’s generated by the hosts immune response

44
Q

What is sepsis

A

A patients overwhelming immune response to a toxin and/or a bacterial, fungal, viral, or parasitic infection

45
Q

What organs are more likely to progress to sepsis

A

Lung, kidney, GI, and skin

46
Q

Early sepsis =

A

Hyper-inflammatory response

47
Q

What is early sepsis

A

Death with acute organ dysfunction due to cytokines storm

48
Q

Late sepsis =

A

Hypo-inflammatory response

49
Q

What is late sepsis

A

Death due to primary infection or development of secondary infection

50
Q

Spleen red pulp =

A

RBC

51
Q

Spleen white pulp =

A

WBC

52
Q

H strains

A

Nuclei

In spleen white pulp

53
Q

E strains

A

Cytoplasm

In spleen red pulp

54
Q

What color are sepsis nuclei

A

Purple

55
Q

What color are sepsis cytoplasm

A

Pinkish

56
Q

What diseases are arthropod vector borne

A

Lyme disease and RMSF

57
Q

Helicobacter pylori can grow in the stomach because it

A

Has an enzyme that neutralizes HCI

Microbiology Exam 4 (12 decks)

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