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Unit 5-6 Chapter 21-29 > Chapter 21: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics > Flashcards

Chapter 21: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

1) Which of the following blood vessels carries blood away from the heart to other organs?
a) arteries
b) capillaries
c) venules
d) arterioles
e) veins

A

A

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2
Q

2) Which of the following blood vessels carries blood from the tissues back to the heart?
a) arteries
b) arterioles
c) aorta
d) veins
e) capillaries

A

D

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3
Q

3) Which layer of the arterial wall is responsible for vasoconstriction?
a) tunica interna
b) tunica media
c) tunica external
d) tunica albuginea
e) tunica fascia

A

B

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4
Q

4) Which layer of the arterial wall is primarily composed of elastic and collagen fibers?
a) tunica interna
b) tunica media
c) tunica external
d) tunica albuginea
e) tunica fascia

A

C

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5
Q

5) When an artery or arteriole is damaged, its smooth muscle layer contracts producing
a) tear in the vessel.
b) new vessel branching off the artery or arteriole.
c) a vascular spasm.
d) tetanus.
e) increased blood flow to the damaged vessel.

A

C

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6
Q

6) Elastic arteries function as
a) vasodilators.
b) conduits to the tissues of the trunk only.
c) barriers to microcirculation.
d) pressure reservoirs.
e) vasoconstrictors.

A

D

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7
Q

7) In resting individuals, which vessels serve as a large blood reservoir from which blood can be quickly diverted to other vessels as needed?
a) Arteries and arterioles
b) Arterioles and capillaries
c) Venules and capillaries
d) Veins and venules
e) Aorta and veins

A

D

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8
Q

8) Which type of blood vessel plays a key role in regulating blood flow into capillaries?
a) arteries
b) arterioles
c) venules
d) veins
e) aorta

A

B

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9
Q

9) Which of the following structures are found in veins but NOT in arteries?
a) tunica external
b) tunica media
c) tunica internal
d) valve
e) lumen

A

D

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10
Q

10) Capillaries are also referred to as
a) exchange vessels.
b) vasoconstrictors.
c) vasodilators.
d) pressure reservoirs.
e) distributing vessels.

A

A

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11
Q

11) Which of the following is the most important method of capillary exchange?
a) diffusion
b) transcytosis
c) bulk flow
d) primary active transport
e) secondary active transport

A

A

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12
Q

12) Which of the following structures is used to control the flow of blood through a capillary bed?
a) thoroughfare channels
b) precapillary sphincters
c) postcapillary sphincters
d) venules
e) valves in veins

A

B

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13
Q

13) Which of the following types of tissues contains continuous capillaries?
a) skeletal muscle
b) smooth muscle
c) connective tissue
d) lungs
e) all of these choices

A

E

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14
Q

14) The alternate route of blood flow to a body part through an anastomosis is called
a) a thoroughfare channel.
b) a blood reservoir.
c) a detour route.
d) collateral circulation.
e) microcirculation.

A

D

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15
Q

15) The largest driving force for pulling fluid from the interstitial spaces back into the capillaries is
a) interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure.
b) interstitial fluid osmotic pressure.
c) blood colloid osmotic pressure.
d) blood hydrostatic pressure.
e) glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

A

C

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16
Q

16) The pressure-driven movement of fluids and solutes from blood into interstitial fluid is called
a) reabsorption.
b) filtration.
c) bulk flow.
d) osmosis.
e) transcytosis.

A

B

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17
Q

17) The volume of blood that circulates through the systemic (or pulmonary) blood vessels per minute is called
a) stroke volume.
b) tidal volume.
c) cardiac output.
d) cardiac reserve.
e) total peripheral resistance.

A

C

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18
Q

18) Cardiac output is dependent on both
a) heart rate and stroke volume.
b) stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance.
c) heart rate and systemic vascular resistance.
d) blood type and stroke volume.
e) blood pressure and heart rate

A

A

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19
Q

19) Which of the following would NOT result in an increase in arterial blood pressure?
a) Increased blood volume
b) Increased sympathetic stimulation
c) Increased heart rate
d) Increased stroke volume
e) Increased arteriolar vasodilation

A

E

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20
Q

20) Which of the following would NOT result in an increase in systemic vascular resistance?
a) Decreased diameter of systemic arterioles
b) Increased blood viscosity
c) Decreased length of the systemic circulatory route
d) Increased vasoconstriction of systemic arterioles
e) Increased red blood cell count

A

C

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21
Q

21) Which of the following characteristics of blood depends mostly on the ratio of RBCs to plasma volume?
a) total blood volume
b) blood viscosity
c) venous return
d) clotting time
e) immunoglobulin profile

A

B

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22
Q

22) Which of the following is NOT a contribution of the cardiovascular system to other body systems?
a) Blood delivers clotting factors and WBCs that aid in hemostasis when skin is damaged.
b) Blood delivers calcium and phosphate ions that are needed for building bone extracellular matrix.
c) Blood carries carbon dioxide to body tissues and removes oxygen for use by other organs.
d) Blood carries newly absorbed nutrients and water to the liver.
e) Blood circulates cells and chemicals that carry out immune functions.

A

C

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23
Q

23) The cardiovascular center is located
a) in the thoracic cavity.
b) in the cerebral cortex.
c) in the cerebellum.
d) in the medulla oblongata.
e) in the hypothalamus.

A

D

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24
Q

24) All of the following aid in the venous return of blood to the heart EXCEPT
a) the skeletal muscle pump.
b) the respiratory pump.
c) blood viscosity.
d) vasoconstriction
e) venous valves.

A

C

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25
Q

25) Which of the following would be a normal response of the cardiovascular system to a decreased frequency of action potentials arising from the baroreceptors?
a) Increased systemic vascular resistance
b) Increased parasympathetic stimulation
c) Decreased heart rate
d) Decreased stroke volume
e) Decreased cardiac output

A

A

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26
Q

26) Which of the following hormones would NOT stimulate changes that lead to an increase in arterial blood pressure?
a) Atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)
b) Antidiuretic hormone(ADH)
c) Aldosterone
d) Angiotensin
e) Epinephrine

A

A

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27
Q

27) When chemoreceptors in blood vessels detect high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, they stimulate all of the following changes EXCEPT
a) increased vasoconstriction of arterioles.
b) increased blood pressure.
c) decreased respiratory rate.
d) increased sympathetic stimulation of arterioles and veins.
e) increased vasoconstriction of veins.

A

C

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28
Q

28) The myogenic response of smooth muscle results in
a) more forceful contractions when stretched. b) more forceful contractions when relaxed
c) tetany.
d) relaxation of smooth muscle when stretched.
e) formation of new desmosomes.

A

A

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29
Q

29) In which of the following types of blood vessels is blood pressure NOT pulsing?
1. Arteries
2. Capillaries
3. Arterioles
4. Venules
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) 4 only
e) Both 2 and 4

A

E

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30
Q

30) Abnormal conditions such as atherosclerosis and patent ductus arteriosus cause an large increase in the
a) blood colloid osmotic pressure.
b) central venous pressure.
c) pulse pressure.
d) venular hydrostatic pressure.
e) capillary hyrdostatic pressure.

A

C

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31
Q

31) This type of shock is due to decreased blood volume.
a) Hypovolemic
b) Cardiogenic
c) Vascular
d) Obstructive
e) Neurogenic

A

A

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32
Q

40) What do following arteries have in common: superficial temporal artery, brachial artery and common carotid artery?
a) They are all areas where Korotkoff sounds cannot be heard.
b) They are all only found on the left side of the body.
c) They are all common pulse points.
d) They all contain baroreceptors.
e) They all deliver blood to structures in the head.

A

C

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33
Q

41) Which of the following would NOT occur in response to hypovolemic shock?
a) Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system.
b) Secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
c) Activation of the sympathetic division of the ANS.
d) Release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).
e) Release of local vasodilators.

A

D

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34
Q

42) All the veins of the systemic circulation eventually drain into the
a) superior vena cava.
b) inferior vena cava.
c) coronary sinus.
d) superior and inferior vena cava.
e) superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus.

A

E

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35
Q

43) The pulmonary trunk divides into
a) brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery
b) right and left subclavain arteries.
c) right and left pulmonary veins.
d) right and left pulmonary arteries.
e) right and left common carotid arteries.

A

D

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36
Q

44) In fetal circulation, what is the opening between the right and left atria called?
a) Ductus venous
b) Umbilicus
c) Fossa ovalis
d) Foramen ovale
e) Ductus arteriosus

A

D

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37
Q

45) Which of the following vessels is a pulse point found at the wrist?
a) Radial artery
b) Subclavian artery
c) Axillary artery
d) Cephalic artery
e) Palmar artery

A

A

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38
Q

46) Which of the following vessels supplies blood to the intestines?
a) Radial artery
b) Subclavian artery
c) Mesenteric artery
d) Coronary artery
e) Popliteal artery

A

C

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39
Q

47) Which of the following vessels supplies blood to the kidneys?
a) Hepatic artery
b) Renal artery
c) Mesenteric artery
d) Coronary artery
e) Popliteal artery

A

B

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40
Q

48) Which of the following vessels drains blood from the lower leg?
a) Jugular vein
b) Superior vena cava
c) Tibial vein
d) Coronary vein
e) Inferior mesenteric vein

A

C

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41
Q

49) Which of the following vessels drains blood from the head and neck?
a) Median cubital vein
b) Inferior vena cava
c) Axillary vein
d) Femoral vein
e) Jugular vein

A

E

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42
Q

50) Which of the following vessels carries the venous blood from the lower body into the right atrium?
a) Inferior vena cava
b) Superior vena cava
c) Tibial vein
d) Coronary vein
e) Iliac vein

A

A

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43
Q

51) When the umbilical cord is tied after birth, the umbilical arteries close by filling in with
a) placental fluid.
b) platelet plugs.
c) connective tissue.
d) smooth muscle.
e) epithelial tissue.

A

C

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44
Q

68) Normal blood pressure for a young adult male is
a) 120/80.
b) 130/90.
c) 80/120.
d) 100/80.
e) 150/85.

A

A

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45
Q

69) Which of the following types of blood vessels have high pulsing blood pressure?
a) arterioles
b) capillaries
c) venules
d) veins
e) vena cavae

A

A

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46
Q

70) What would the pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure be for an individual with a blood pressure of 120/80?
a) 40; 100
b) 40; 93.3
c) 40; 103.3
d) 200; 100
e) 100; 200

A

B

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47
Q

71) Which of the following effectors would NOT be activated as described below in response to hypovolemic shock?
a) Adrenal cortex releases aldosterone.
b) Kidneys conserve salt and water.
c) Heart rate increases.
d) Systemic arterioles vasodilate.
e) Heart contractility increases.

A

D

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48
Q

72) The pulmonary circulatory route carries blood from the
a) right atrium to the right ventricle .
b) right ventricle to the left atrium.
c) left atrium to the left ventricle.
d) left ventricle to the right atrium.
e) left ventricle to the coronary sinus.

A

B

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49
Q

73) All of the following changes are commonly observed in the cardiovascular system in response to aging EXCEPT
a) decreased cardiac output.
b) increased compliance of the aorta.
c) loss of cardiac muscle strength.
d) decline in maximum heart rate.
e) increased systolic blood pressure.

A

B

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50
Q

74) Which of the following categories would an individual with a blood pressure of 145/95 be placed in?
a) Normal
b) High normal
c) Prehypertension
d) Stage 1 hypertension
e) Stage 2 hypertension

A

D

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51
Q

75) Which of the following categories of hypertension drugs lower blood pressure by blocking formation of angiotensin II, which results in vasodilation and decreased aldosterone secretion?
a) Diuretics
b) ACE inhibitors
c) Beta blockers
d) Calcium channel blockers
e) Anabolic steroids

A

B

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52
Q

What are the five main types of blood vessels?

A

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

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53
Q

What are the two types of elastic arteries?

A

aorta and pulmonary trunk

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54
Q

What makes up the tunica intima in elastic arteries?

A

Endothelium, loose connective
tissue, internal elastic lamina

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55
Q

What makes up the tunica media elastic arteries?

A

● Very thick, smooth muscle layer
● Many elastic laminae interspersed amongst smooth muscle

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56
Q

Does the tunica media have cardiac muscles?

A

no

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57
Q

What makes up the tunica adventitia in elastic arteries?

A

● Dense irregular connective tissue
● Contains vasa vasorum (small vessels that supply outer wall)

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58
Q

What is considered the largest veins?

A

superior and inferior vena cava

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59
Q

What makes up the tunica intima in large veins?

A

● Endothelium, loose connective
tissue, no elastic lamina

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60
Q

What makes up the tunica media in large veins?

A

● No elastic laminae
● Thin, smooth muscle layer

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61
Q

What makes up the tunica adventitia in large veins?

A

● Much thicker than the tunica media
● Dense irregular connective tissue
● Contains bundles of smooth muscle

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62
Q

In muscular arteries, the tunica intima is made of?

A

A prominent internal elastic lamina often appears coiled.

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63
Q

In muscular arteries, the tunica media is made of?

A

Thick and dominated by smooth muscle; thin external elastic membrane.

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64
Q

In muscular arteries, the tunica adventitia is made of?

A

is thinner than the tunica media

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65
Q

How to identify the difference between the muscular arteries and medium veins?

A

Muscular arteries have a prominent internal and external elastic laminae.

66
Q

What is the size and function of the elastic arteries?

A

Size: Largest arteries in the body.
Function: Conduct blood from the heart to the muscular arteries.

67
Q

What are the size and function of the Muscular arteries?

A

Size: Medium-sized arteries.
Function: Distribute blood to arterioles.

68
Q

What is the size and function of arterioles?

A

Size: microscopic
Function: Deliver blood to capillaries and help regulate blood flow from arteries to capillaries.

69
Q

What is the size and function of capillaries

A

Size: microscopic
Function: Permit exchange of nutrients and wastes between blood and interstitial fluid; distribute blood to postcapillary venules.

70
Q

What are the size and function of the postcapillary venules?

A

size: microscopic
function: Pass blood into muscular venules; permit exchange of nutrients and wastes between blood and interstitial fluid and function in white blood cell emigration.

71
Q

What are the size and function of the muscular venules?

A

size: microscopic
function: Pass blood into veins; act as reservoirs for accumulating large volumes of blood (along with postcapillary venules).

72
Q

In arterioles, the tunica intima is made of?

A

Thin with a fenestrated internal elastic membrane that disappears distally.

73
Q

In arterioles, the tunica media is made of?

A

One or two layers of circularly oriented smooth muscle; distalmost smooth muscle fibre forms a precapillary sphincter.

74
Q

In arterioles, the tunica adventitia is made of?

A

Loose collagenous connective tissue and sympathetic nerves.

75
Q

In Capillaries, the tunica intima is made of?

A

Endothelium and basement membrane.

76
Q

In Capillaries, the tunica media is made of?

A

nothing

77
Q

In Capillaries, the tunica adventitia is made of?

A

nothing

78
Q

In postcapillary venules, the tunica intima is made of?

A

Endothelium and basement membrane.

79
Q

In postcapillary venules, the tunica media is made of?

A

none

80
Q

In postcapillary venules, the tunica adventitia is made of?

A

sparse

81
Q

In Muscular venules, the tunica Intima is made of?

A

Endothelium and basement membrane.

82
Q

In Muscular venules, the tunica media is made of?

A

One or two layers of circularly oriented smooth muscle.

83
Q

In Muscular venules, the tunica adventitia is made of?

A

nothing really

84
Q

In Veins, the tunica intima is made of?

A

Endothelium and basement membrane; no internal elastic membrane; contain valves; lumen much larger than in accompanying artery.

85
Q

In Veins, the tunica media is made of?

A

Much thinner than in arteries; no external elastic membrane.

86
Q

In Veins, the tunica adventitia is the…

A

Thickest of the three layers.

87
Q

What are the three types of capillaries?

A

Continuous capillary
Fenestrated capillary
Sinusoids

88
Q

What do Arteries & Arterioles have in common?

A

-Carry blood away from the heart
-Highly elastic

89
Q

What makes Arteries & Arterioles highly elastic?

A

􏰀 Thick tunica media
􏰀 High amounts of elastin

90
Q

What is in the middle of all blood vessels?

A

lumen: hollow middle

91
Q

What tunica makes contact with the lumen of a blood vessel?

A

tunica intima

92
Q

What tunica is the thinnest layer?

A

tunica intima

93
Q

The largest portion of your blood volume at rest—about 64%—is in systemic ________&________

A

veins and venules

94
Q

Systemic arteries and arterioles hold about ____% of the blood volume

A

13%

95
Q

Systemic capillaries hold about ____% of the blood volume

A

7

96
Q

pulmonary blood vessels hold about ___% of the blood volume

A

9%

97
Q

what percent of the total blood volume is in the heart?

A

7%

98
Q

Because systemic veins and venules
contain a large percentage of the blood volume, they function as___________

A

blood reservoirs

99
Q

Water-soluble substances such as glucose and amino acids CAN/CANT pass across capillary walls through intercellular clefts or fenestrations.

A

can

100
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Lipid-soluble materials, such as O2, CO2, and steroid hormones, may pass across capillary walls directly through the lipid bilayer of endothelial cell plasma membranes.

A

true

101
Q

What is transcytosis?

A

the movement of substances through the capillary walls via endocytosis and exocytosis

102
Q

Transcytosis method of transport is important mainly for large, _____________ that cannot cross capillary walls in any other way.

A

lipid-insoluble molecules

103
Q

What is bulk flow?

A

Bulk flow is a passive process in which many ions, molecules, or particles in a fluid move together in the same direction.

104
Q

Bulk flow occurs from an area of _______ pressure to an area of ______, pressure continuing as long as a pressure difference exists.

A

higher
lower

105
Q

_______is more important for solute exchange between blood and interstitial fluid,

A

Diffusion

106
Q

_______________is more important for the regulation of the relative volumes of blood
and interstitial fluid

A

bilk flow

107
Q

Pressure-driven movement of fluid and
solutes from blood capillaries into interstitial fluid is called?

A

Filtration

108
Q

Pressure-driven movement from interstitial fluid into blood capillaries is called?

A

Reabsorption.

109
Q

What are the two types of pressure needed for filtration?

A

blood hydrostatic pressure
interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

110
Q

The main pressure promoting reabsorption of fluid is?

A

blood colloid osmotic pressure

111
Q

What is the balance called that is used to even out the pressure of reabsorption and the pressures of filtration

A

The balance of these pressures, called net filtration pressure (NFP),

112
Q

What is net filtration pressure?

A

Determines whether the volumes of blood and interstitial fluid remain steady or change.

113
Q

The equilibrium between filtration pressure and reabsorption is called?

A

Starling’s law of the capillaries

114
Q

The cardiac output becomes distributed into circulatory routes that serve various body tissues depends on two more factors:

A

(1) the pressure difference that drives the blood flow through a tissue
(2) the resistance to blood flow in specific blood vessels.

115
Q

What is hemodynamics?

A

refers to the forces involved in circulating blood throughout the body

116
Q

What is blood flow?

A

is the volume of blood that flows through any tissue in a given time period

117
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

The volume of blood that circulates through systemic (or pulmonary) blood vessels each minute.

118
Q

Contraction of the ventricles generates ________ _________, the hydrostatic pressure exerted by blood on the walls of a blood vessel

A

blood pressure (BP)

119
Q

BP is determined by what three things?

A

cardiac output
blood volume
vascular resistance

120
Q

BP is highest in the ________ and large systemic ___________

A

aorta and large systemic arteries

121
Q

____________ blood pressure is the highest pressure attained in arteries during _________

A

Systolic
systole

122
Q

_________ blood pressure is the lowest arterial pressure during ____________

A

diastolic
diastole

123
Q

What is mean arterial pressure?

A

The average blood pressure in arteries is roughly one-third of the way between the diastolic and systolic pressures

124
Q

Blood pressure also depends on the total volume of blood in the ________ _________

A

cardiovascular system

125
Q

What is vascular resistance?

A

Is the opposition to blood flow due to friction between blood and the walls of blood vessels.

126
Q

Vascular resistance depends on what three things?

A

(1) size of the blood vessel lumen
(2) blood viscosity
(3) total blood vessel length.

127
Q

Why does the size of the blood vessel lumen matter in vascular resistance?

A

The smaller the lumen of a blood vessel, the greater its resistance to blood flow.

128
Q

Why does the blood viscosity matter in vascular resistance?

A

The higher the blood’s viscosity, the higher the resistance

129
Q

Why does Total blood vessel length matter in vascular resistance?

A

Resistance to blood flow through a vessel is directly proportional to the length of the blood vessel.

130
Q

The longer a blood vessel, the ________the resistance.

A

greater

131
Q

What is systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?

A

refers to all of the vascular resistances offered by systemic blood vessels

132
Q

What is another name for systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?

A

total peripheral resistance (TPR)

133
Q

A major function of arterioles is to control ________________

A

SVR

134
Q

What is the outcome of arterioles controlling the SVR?

A

blood pressure and blood flow to particular tissues

135
Q

The main center for regulation of SVR is the
vasomotor center in the ______________

A

brain stem

136
Q

the cardiovascular (CV) center in the
__________ __________ helps regulate heart rate and stroke volume.

A

medulla oblongata

137
Q

The _________ center also controls neural, hormonal, and local negative feedback systems that regulate blood pressure and blood flow to specific tissues.

A

cardiovascular (CV) center

138
Q

What is Venous return?

A

The volume of blood flowing back to the heart through the systemic veins

139
Q

Venous return occurs due to?

A

occurs due to the pressure generated by contractions

140
Q

The venous return occurs due to the pressure generated by what type of contraction?

A

contraction of the heart’s left ventricle

141
Q
  1. Which pairing is matched correctly regarding the
    structure of an artery?
    -tunica media - thinnest layer, consists of elastic and collagen fibers
    -tunica intima - consists of elastic fibers and smooth muscle fibers
    -tunica externa - consists of simple squamous cells, called exothelium
    -tunica intima - has a basement membrane and an internal elastic lamina
    -tunica media - layer closest to the lumen
A

tunica intima - has a basement membrane and an internal elastic lamina

142
Q
  1. Which is a true statement?
    -elastic arteries are also known as distributing arteries -muscular arteries act as a pressure reservoir
    -an example of a muscular artery is the brachial artery
    -elastic arteries are medium-sized arteries
    -elastic arteries have greater vasoconstriction abilities
A

an example of a muscular artery is the brachial artery

143
Q
  1. What is the function of the hepatic portal system?
    -Transport of venous blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver.
    -It is where the division of blood cells and blood components are stored in the liver until needed for defence.
    -Collection of lymphatic fluid so it can be returned to the bloodstream.
    -It is where the breakdown of wastes, reformulation of drugs and retention of water occurs in the liver.
A

Transport of venous blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver.

144
Q
  1. Which statement is true about capillary exchange?
    -the most important method is bulk flow
    -transcytosis is primarily used to transport carbohydrate-insoluble substances
    -substances pass through the capillaries via fenestrations
    -sinusoids do not allow passage of proteins
    bulk flow is considered an active process
A

-substances pass through the capillaries via fenestrations

145
Q
  1. Which statement is true of capillary exchange?
    -interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid from the capillaries to the interstitial fluid
    -blood hydrostatic pressure is lower at the venous end of a capillary
    -blood colloid osmotic pressure is due to dissolved ions
    -filtration is the movement from the interstitial fluid into the capillaries
    -blood hydrostatic pressure is caused by the elasticity of the large arteries
A

-blood hydrostatic pressure is lower at the venous end of a capillary

146
Q
  1. Which of the following is not considered a factor in vascular resistance?
    -the length of a vessel
    -the viscosity of blood
    -the pH of the blood
    -the size of the internal diameter of a vessel
    -brainstem control of peripheral resistance
A

-the pH of the blood

147
Q

Which statement is not true of venous return to the heart?
-an incompetent tricuspid valve decreases venous return
-when standing, the proximal and distal valves in the leg are open
-the respiratory pump increases venous return to the left atrium
-milking refers to the contraction of the calf muscles to increase venous return
-venous return is generated by contraction of the left ventricle

A

-the respiratory pump increases venous return to the left atrium

148
Q
  1. What is the purpose of the pulmonary circulation?
    -It provides a location for the exchange of nutrients between the outside world and the bloodstream.
    -It is the primary location for the removal of excess water from the body.
    -It provides defence against pathogens trying to enter the body through the lungs.
    -It provides a location for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the bloodstream.
A

-It provides a location for the exchange of nutrients between the outside world and the bloodstream.

149
Q
  1. Which of the following is not true?
    -the cavities in the temporal bone are called carotid sinuses
    -the carotid sinus reflex regulates blood flow to the brain
    -the vagus nerve communicates vessel pressure information to the brain
    -quickly standing up reduces blood pressure to the brain
    -baroreceptors sense changes in vessel pressure
A

The cavities in the temporal bone are called carotid sinuses

150
Q
  1. Chemoreceptors are associated with all of the following except:
    –detecting hypercapnia
    –located near the proprioceptors
    –detecting hypoxia
    –are found in the carotid bodies
    –providing input to the respiratory center
A

located near the proprioceptors

151
Q
  1. What major changes occur in the circulation of blood in the heart of a newborn baby?
    –Blood no longer flows directly from the right atrium to the left atrium but instead goes only from the right atrium to the right ventricle.
    –High oxygen blood no longer flows only into the left atrium, but now either atrium can receive high oxygen blood.
    –Blood flow reverses direction.
    –Blood that was primarily pumped to the body by the right ventricle is now pumped by the left ventricle
A

–Blood no longer flows directly from the right atrium to the left atrium but instead goes only from the right atrium to the right ventricle.

152
Q
  1. Which of the following pulse locations do not match correctly?
    –femoral artery - inferior to inguinal ligament
    –radial artery - within the axilla
    –dorsal pedis artery - top of the foot
    –common carotid artery - base of the neck
    –popliteal artery - back of the knee
A

–radial artery - within the axilla

153
Q
  1. A well-trained athlete would have a slow heart rate called:
    –bradykinesia
    –tachycardia
    –dyspnea
    –bradycardia
    –pulse pressure
A

–bradycardia

154
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is true?
    –subtracting the diastolic pressure from the systolic pressure indicates the pulse pressure
    –Korotkoff sounds are the closing of the atrioventricular valves
    –diastolic pressure is the pressure on vessel walls during contraction
    –a sphygmomanometer is an instrument for listening to heart sounds
    –the radial artery is compressed during the measurement of blood pressure
A

–subtracting the diastolic pressure from the systolic pressure indicates the pulse pressure

155
Q
  1. Which vessels unite to form the hepatic portal vein?
    –inferior vena cava and right colic vein
    –splenic and left colic veins
    –superior mesenteric and splenic veins
    –inferior and superior mesenteric veins
    –splenic and pancreatic veins
A

superior mesenteric and splenic veins

156
Q
  1. Which statement does not describe pulmonary circulation?
    –the pulmonary trunk emerges from the right ventricle
    –the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood to the left atrium
    –pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood
    from the left ventricle to the lungs
    –the alveoli are surrounded by capillaries
    –there are four pulmonary veins
A

–the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood to the left atrium

157
Q
  1. Which of the following is incorrect following birth?
    –the umbilical vein becomes the round ligament
    –the foramen ovale allows continued passage of blood to the left ventricle
    –the ductus arteriosus becomes the ligamentum arteriosum
    –the umbilical arteries become the medial umbilical ligaments
    –the placenta or “afterbirth” is disposed of
A

–the foramen ovale allows continued passage of blood to the left ventricle

158
Q
  1. The pluripotent stem cell is a type of cell that develops into a blood cell
    True
    False
A

true

159
Q
  1. A sphygmomanometer wrapped above the elbow measures blood pressure in the
    –common carotid artery.
    –brachial artery.
    –femoral artery.
    –radial artery.
    –dorsalis pedis artery.
A

–brachial artery.

160
Q
  1. All of the following are branches of the abdominal aorta EXCEPT
    –mediastinal arteries.
    –Mesenteric arteries.
    –iliac arteries.
    –celiac trunk.
    –inferior phrenic arteries.
A

–mediastinal arteries.

161
Q
  1. Which change does NOT occur with age?
    –decreased compliance of the aorta.
    –increase in cardiac muscle fibre size.
    –decreased cardiac output.
    –increase in systolic blood pressure.
    –decrease in HDL.
A

–increase in cardiac muscle fiber size.

Unit 5-6 Chapter 21-29 (9 decks)

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