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Biology > Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

How males produce gametophyte

A

Spores-> mitosis-> pollen

Haploid- 2 sperm

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2
Q

How females produce Gametophyte

A

Spores-> Mitosis(3x)-> 7 cell gametophyte

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3
Q

What is pollination

A

When pollen lands on stigma

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4
Q

What is Double fertilization

A

1 sperm + egg = embryo

Other spent + polar nuclei = endosperm

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5
Q

Seeds and fruit

A

Ovule becomes seed (embryo + endosperm)

Ovary- fruit with seeds

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6
Q

Self pollination

A

Same flower

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7
Q

Cross pollination

A

Different plant same species

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8
Q

Carpel- pistil

A

Female reproductive parts

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9
Q

Stigma

A

Sticky spot to collect pollen

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10
Q

Style

A

Connects stigma to ovary

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11
Q

Ovary

A

Produces female gametophyte

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12
Q

Ovule

A

Becomes seed after fertilization

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13
Q

Stamen

A

Male reproductive parts

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14
Q

Anther

A

Produces pollen

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15
Q

Filament

A

Supports anther

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16
Q

Petal

A

Attract animal pollinators

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17
Q

Sepal

A

Outermost layer protect flower bud

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18
Q

Dormancy

A

Allow seedlings to begin to grow under favorable environmental conditions

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19
Q

Germination

A

An embryo breaks out of seed coat and begins to grown as a seedling

20
Q

Germination steps: embryo takes up water

A

Seed swells and cracks seed coat open

21
Q

Germination steps: embryonic root

A

First to break through seed coat; called a radicle

22
Q

Germination steps: water activates enzymes

A

Breaks down endosperm into sugars

23
Q

Germination steps: embryonic shoot

A

Eventually breaks through soil surface; called plumule

24
Q

Germination steps: leaves

A

When first leaves emerge and photosynthesis begins, plant is now a seedling

25
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Produce offspring by mitosis

Offspring genetically identical to parent

26
Q

Regeneration

A

Asexual reproduction in which new individuals grow from a fragment of stem leaf or root

27
Q

Vegetative reproduction

A

Asexual reproduction in which stems leaves or roots attached to the parent produce new individual

28
Q

Stolons

A

Grow horizontally produce roots and leaves at certain points

29
Q

Rhizomes

A

Stems grow horizontally underground

30
Q

Tubers

A

Underground stem modified for storage

31
Q

Bulbs

A

Underground stems with modified leaves for storage

32
Q

Cuttings

A

Fragment cut of a leaf/ stem maybe put into soil to grow a new

33
Q

Grafting

A

Joining vegetative structures from 2 or more plants together to produce plant with several describable traits

34
Q

Hormone

A

Chemical messengers

35
Q

Stimulus

A

Any factor that causes a response or reaction

36
Q

Tropism

A

Growth in response to stimulus

37
Q

Positive response

A

Reaction towards stimulus

38
Q

Negative response

A

Reaction away from stimulus

39
Q

Givberellins

A

Hormone that causes a Dramatic increases in size of seedlings/ stalks

40
Q

Ethylene

A

Hormone that causes ripening of fruit (gas)

41
Q

Cytokinins

A

A hormone that stimulates cytokinesis

42
Q

Auxins

A

A hormone that lengthen plant cells in the growing tip

43
Q

Phototropism

A

Grow towards light auxins build up on shady side

44
Q

Thigmotropism

A

Response to touch- like stimuli

45
Q

Gravitropism(geotropism)

A

Response to gravity (roots positive downward growth)

Shoots negative upward growth

46
Q

Hydrotropism

A

Growth toward/away water (root positive to water)(shoot negative away from water)

Biology (10 decks)

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