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Biology > Chapter 23-25 > Flashcards

Chapter 23-25 Flashcards

1
Q

Collagen

A

three-stranded protein, unique to animals, that combines to form strong, flexible fibers

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2
Q

Homeotic

A

genes that control early development in bodies

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3
Q

Homeobox

A

genes that define the head-to-tail pattern of development in animal embryos; also called Hox Genes

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4
Q

Vertebrate

A

animal with an internal segmented backbone

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5
Q

Invertebrate

A

animal without a backbone

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6
Q

Phylum

A

group of animals defined by structural and functional characteristics that are different from every other phylum

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7
Q

Bilateral Symmetry

A

body plan of some organisms in which the body can be divided equally along only one plane

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8
Q

Radial Symmetry

A

arrangement of body parts in a circle around a central axis

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9
Q

Protostome

A

animal development in which the animal’s mouth develops before the anus.

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10
Q

Deuterostome

A

animal development in which the animal’s anus develops before the mouth.

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11
Q

Sessile

A

unable to move from a fixed point

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12
Q

Filter feeder

A

animal that eats by straining particles from the water

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13
Q

Polyp

A

tube-shaped body form of a cnidarian in which the mouth and tentacles face upwards

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14
Q

Medusa

A

umbrella-shaped body from of a cnidarian in which the mouth and tentacles are on the underside.

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15
Q

Mesoglea

A

jellylike material that separates the two tissue layers of a cnidarian.

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16
Q

Nematocyst

A

capsule containing a thin, coiled tubule with a poisonous barb at one end

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17
Q

Gastrovascular cavity

A

saclike digestive space

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18
Q

Complete digestive tract

A

digestive system that has two openings, a mouth and an anus, that are at opposite ends of a continuous tube

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19
Q

Radula

A

filelike feeding organ found in mollusks

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20
Q

Hemocoel

A

open space between cells in animal tissues

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21
Q

Segmentation

A

repeated sections of an annelid’s long body that contains the same set of body structures, apart from its distinct head and tail region

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22
Q

Coelom

A

fluid-filled space that is completely covered by muscle

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23
Q

Cuticle

A

in plants, a waxy layer that holds in moisture; in insects, a tough exoskeleton made of nonliving material

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24
Q

Pseudocoelom

A

fluid filled space with mesoderm only on one side of the space

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25
Q

Ossicle

A

small bone, especially one of the three found in the middle ear of mammals

26
Q

Water vacuslar cavity

A

system of water filled canals that extend down each arm

27
Q

arthropod

A

invertebrate with an exoskeleton, jointed appendages, and a segmented body

28
Q

exoskeleton

A

hard outer structure, such as the shell of an insect or crustacean, that provides protection and support for the organism

29
Q

chitin

A

tough, protective polysaccharide that makes up arthropod skeletons and the cell walls of some fungi

30
Q

appendage

A

extension, such as an antenna or arm, that is attached to the body

31
Q

crustacean

A

any aquatic arthropods such as lobster. has a segmented body, exoskeleton, and paired, jointed limbs

32
Q

cephalothorax

A

region of a crustacean body where the head and thorax meet

33
Q

abdomen

A

part of an arthropod’s body that is behind the thorax

34
Q

carapace

A

plate of exoskeleton that covers the head and thorax of a crustacean.

35
Q

mandible

A

appendage used to crush and bite food

36
Q

chelicerate

A

arthropod that lacks antennae and has four pairs of walking legs and a pair of fang like mouth parts

37
Q

arachnid

A

terrestrial chelicerate, such as a spider

38
Q

book lung

A

respiratory organ that has several membranes that are arranged like the pages in a book

39
Q

spiracle

A

hole on the body of an insect’s exoskeleton through which air can be taken in or released

40
Q

trachea

A

a system of thin branching tubes in the bodies of insects that allow for breathing

41
Q

incomplete metamorphosis

A

process by which immature organisms look similar to their adult form

42
Q

complete metamorphosis

A

process by which immature organisms change their body form before becoming an adult

43
Q

pupa

A

stage of metamorphosis in which the organism reorganizes into a completely new body form

44
Q

insecticide

A

chemical used to kill insects

45
Q

vector

A

organism, such as a mosquito or tick, that transfers pathogens from one host to another

46
Q

chordate

A

any animal having, at some stage in development, a hollow nerve chord, pharyngeal slits, and tail

47
Q

notochord

A

flexible skeletal support rod embedded in an animal’s back

48
Q

endoskeleton

A

internal skeleton built of bone or cartilage

49
Q

gill

A

respiratory organ of aquatic animals that allows breathing underwater

50
Q

countercurrent flow

A

flow of water opposite that of the flow of blood in a fish’s gills

51
Q

lateral line

A

sensory system in a fish that allows them to sense distant movements

52
Q

operculum

A

protective bony plate that covers a fish’s gills

53
Q

ray-fin

A

fan shaped arrangement of bones in a fish’s fin

54
Q

swim bladder

A

buoyancy organ that helps fish to swim at different depths in the water

55
Q

lobe-fin

A

paired limblike fin that is round in shape

56
Q

tetrapod

A

vertebrate with four limbs

57
Q

amphibian

A

vertebrate that can live on land and in water

58
Q

tadpole

A

aquatic larva of frogs or toads

59
Q

amniote

A

vertebrate whose embryo or fetus in enclosed by a thin, tough membrane sac

60
Q

keratin

A

protein that binds to lipids inside a skin cell, forming a waterproof layer within the skin

61
Q

amniotic egg

A

waterproof container that allows an embryo to develop out of water and externally from the mother without drying out

62
Q

placenta

A

organ that develops in female mammals during pregnancy and carries nutrients from the mother to the embryo

Biology (1 decks)

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