Chapter 23 the digestive system: The stomach

Question 1

Where is the stomach located?

Answer 1

Next to the liver in the upper left part of the abdominal cavity.

Question 2

How many functions does the stomach have?

Answer 2

5

storage
propulsion
mechanical digestion/breakdown
chemical digestion
absorption

Question 3

What happens during the propulsion function of the stomach?

Answer 3

moving chyme into duodenum of small intestine

Question 4

What happens during the mechanical digestion/breakdown function of the stomach?

Answer 4

through mixing/churning action of muscularis externa it digests/breaks down contents

Question 5

What happens during chemical digestion in the stomach?

Answer 5

enzyme pepsin starts protein digestion

Question 6

How does absorption happen in the stomach?

Answer 6

through epithelium of mucosa into the blood

Question 7

How many general parts/regions of the stomach are there?

Answer 7

4
cardia
fundus
body
pyloric part

Question 8

What is the cardia part of the stomach?

Answer 8

Where the esophagus connects to the stomach; includes the cardiac sphincter

Question 9

What is the fundus part of the stomach?

Answer 9

the most superior region; dome shaped (top tip of the stomach)

Question 10

What is the body of the stomach?

Answer 10

its the largest region, dome shaped

Question 11

What is the pyloric part of the stomach?

Answer 11

It is the last region of the stomach and it includes the pyloric sphincter.

Question 12

How many layers does the stomach wall have?

Answer 12

4 general layers
1. Mucosa
2. sub mucosa
3. Muscularis external
4. Serosa

Question 13

What is the function of the mucosa layer of the stomach wall?

Answer 13

It has prominent folds/rugae when stomach is empty. It includes gastric pits/openings for flow of gastric juice from gastric glands. It had 2 sub layers

Question 14

What are the two sub layers of the mucosa layer of the stomach wall?

Answer 14

Simple columnar epithelium-includes several diff types of cells

Lamina propia-areolar connective tissue with blood vessels involved in absorption of chemicals, coming from the chime in lumen, and going through epithelium of mucosa

Question 15

What are the different types of cells in the simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 15

Surface epithelial/mucous cells-secrete mucous

Mucous neck cells-part of gastric glands that secrete mucous portion of gastric juice

Parietal cells- part of gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid/ HCL Portion of gastric juice

Chief cells- part of gastric glands that secrete pepsinogen part of gastric juice

Question 16

What is a function of the submucosa layer of the stomach wall?

Answer 16

Areolar connective tissue supporting blood vessels and nerves

Question 17

What is the function of the muscularis externa of the stomach wall?

Answer 17

includes 3 layers of smooth muscle
Inner Oblique
Middle Circular
Outer Longitudinal

Question 18

What is the serosa layer of the stomach wall?

Answer 18

Areolar connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium; 2 membranous extensions generally called mesenteries that help support organs and structures going to or from them

Question 19

What is the lesser omentum of the serosa layer?

Answer 19

extends from the serosa mainly from lesser curvature area; goes mainly to liver

Question 20

What is the greater omentum of the serosa layer?

Answer 20

Extends from the serosa mainly from the greater curvature area, goes over intestines.