Chapter 23: The Emergence Of Industrial Society In The West, 1750-1914

Question 0

Age of Revolution

Answer 0

Period of political upheaval beginning roughly with the American revolution in 1775 and continuing through the French Revolution of 1789 and other movements for change up to 1848

Question 1

Industrial revolution

Answer 1

Series of changes in economy of western nations between 1740 and 20th century; stimulated by rapid population growth, increase in agricultural productivity, commercial revolution of 17th century, and development of new means of transportation; in essence involved technological change and the application of machines to the process of production

Question 2

Population revolution

Answer 2

huge growth in population in Western Europe beginning about 1730; prelude to industrial revolution; population of France increased 50% England and Prussia 100% percent

Question 3

American revolution

Answer 3

rebellion of English American colonies along the Atlantic seaboard between 1775 and 1783 results in Independence her former British colonies and eventual formation of United States of America

Question 4

Proto industrialization

Answer 4

Preliminary shift away from agricultural economy in Europe; workers become full or part-time producers of textile and metal products, working at home but in a capitalist system in which materials, work orders and ultimate sales depended on urban merchants; prelude to industrial revolution

Question 5

French revolution

Answer 5

Revolution in France between 1789 and 1800; resulted in overthrow of Bourbon monarchy and old regimes; ended with establishment of French empire under Napoleon Bonaparte; source of many liberal movements and constitutions in Europe

Question 6

Louis XVI

Answer 6

French King who called a meeting of the traditional Parliament to consider tax reform for his financially pinched regime, however middle class representatives inspired by Enlightenment ideals insisted on turning this assembly into a modern parliament

Question 7

Declaration of the rights of man and the Citizen

Answer 7

Proclaimed freedom of thought

Question 8

Guillotine

Answer 8

A new device enlightenment-fashion introduced to provide more humane means of execution however it became a symbol of revolutionary bloodthirst

Question 9

Bastille

Answer 9

A popular riot that storms a political prison that became the French revolution’s symbol

Question 10

Nationalism

Answer 10

Political viewpoint with origins in Western Europe often allied with other isms encouraged importance of national unity; valued a collective identity based on culture race or ethnic origin

Question 11

Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 11

a French leading general who soon converted the revolutionary republic to an authoritarian Empire

Question 12

Congress of Vienna

Answer 12

Meeting in the aftermath of Napoleonic wars (1815) to restore political stability in your up and settle diplomatic disputes

Question 13

Conservatives

Answer 13

Political viewpoint with origins in Western Europe during the 19th century; opposed revolutionary goals advocated restoration of monarchy and defense of church

Question 14

Liberals

Answer 14

Political viewpoint with origins in Western Europe during the 19th century; stressed limited state interference in individual life, representation of propertied people in government; urged importance of the constitutional rule in parliaments

Question 15

Radicals

Answer 15

Political viewpoint with origins in Western Europe during the 19th century advocated broader voting rights than liberals in some cases advocated outright democracy reforms in favor of the lower classes

Question 16

Greek revolution

Answer 16

rebellion in Greece against the Ottoman Empire in 1820 key step in gradually dismantling the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans

Question 17

Reform bill of 1832

Answer 17

Legislation passed in Great Britain that extended the vote to most members of the middle class failed to produce democracy bring

Question 18

Chartist movement

Answer 18

Attempt by artisans and workers in Britain to gain the vote during the 1840s demands for reform be on the reform bill of 1832 were incorporated into a series of petitions ,movement failed

Question 19

Louis Pasteur

Answer 19

Discovered germs that lead to more sanitary regulations and procedures by doctors and other healthcare specialists this reduce the deaths of women in childbirth

Question 20

Benjamin Disraeli

Answer 20

A British conservative leader who took the initiative of granting the vote to working-class men in 1867

Question 21

Count Camillo di Cavour

Answer 21

In the Italian state of Piedmont began even earlier to support industrial development and extend the powers of the Parliament to please liberal forces

Question 22

Otto Von Bismarck

Answer 22

New prime minister in Prussia who similarly began to work with the Parliament and to extend a vote to all men though grouping them in wealth categories that blocked complete democracy

Question 23

American Civil War

Answer 23

The first war based extensively on industrial weaponry and transport systems carefully watch by European military observers that was fought between 1861 and 1865 the war resolved by force the simmering dispute over sectional rights between the north and south and also brought an end to slavery in the nation

Question 24

Trasformismo

Answer 24

Political system in the late 19th century Italy that promoted alliance of conservatives and liberals parliamentary disputes of all parties supported the status quo

Question 25

Social question

Answer 25

Issues related to repressed classes in Western Europe during the Industrial Revolution particularly workers and women; became more critical than constitutional issues after 1870

Question 26

Socialism

Answer 26

Political movement with origins in Western Europe during the 19th century urged an attack on private property in the name of the quality want to stay control of means of production end to capitalist exploitation of the working man

Question 27

Karl Marx

Answer 27

German theorist who had a socialist vision

Question 28

Revisionism

Answer 28

A movement which arose that argued that Marxist revolutionary vision was wrong and that success could be achieved by peaceful democratic means

Question 29

Feminist movements

Answer 29

Movements that sought various legal and economic gains for women such as equal access to professions and higher education as well as the right to vote

Question 30

Mass leisure culture

Answer 30

An aspect of the later industrial revolution; based on newspapers musicals popular theater vacation trips and team sports

Question 31

Charles Darwin

Answer 31

Established the evolutionary theory

Question 32

Albert Einstein

Answer 32

Formalized new work through his theory of relativity and adding time is a factor in physical measurement

Question 33

Sigmund Freud

Answer 33

Viennese physician Who began to develop his theories of the workings of the human subconscious

Question 34

Romanticism

Answer 34

Artistic and literary movement of the 19 century in Europe held that emotion an impression not reason where the keys to the mysteries of human experience in nature such portray passions, not comp reflection

Question 35

Triple alliance

Answer 35

Alliance among Germany Austria-Hungary and Italy at the end of the 19 century part of your penalized system and balance of power prior to World War I

Question 36

Triple Entente

Answer 36

Alliance among Britain Russia and France at the onset of the 20th century part of European alliance system and balance of power prior to World War I

Question 37

Balkan nationalism

Answer 37

Movements to create independent nations within the Balkan possessions of the Ottoman Empire provoked a series of crisis within the European alliance system eventually led to World War I

Question 38

Maximilien Robespierre

Answer 38

Leader of the radical phase of the French Revolution

Question 39

Emmeline Pankhurst

Answer 39

Radical feminist