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Unit 5-6 Chapter 21-29 > Chapter 24: The Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 24: The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

1) Which of the following processes is the function of the smooth muscle layer of the digestive system?
a) Ingestion
b) Secretion
c) Mixing and propulsion
d) Absorption
e) None of these choices

A

C

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2
Q

2) Which of following processes is the primary function of the mouth?
a) Ingestion
b) Secretion
c) Mixing and propulsion
d) Absorption
e) None of these choices

A

A

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3
Q

3) Which of the following processes is the primary function of the villi of the small intestine?
a) Ingestion
b) Secretion
c) Mixing and propulsion
d) Absorption
e) None of these choices

A

D

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4
Q

4) Which of the following accessory organs produces a fluid to soften food?
a) Teeth
b) Salivary glands
c) Liver
d) Gallbladder
e) Pharynx

A

B

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5
Q

5) Which of the following accessory organs produces a fluid that functions to emulsify dietary fats?
a) Teeth
b) Salivary glands
c) Liver
d) Gallbladder
e) Pharynx

A

C

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6
Q

6) Which of the following accessory organs stores bile?
a) Teeth
b) Salivary glands
c) Liver
d) Gallbladder
e) Pharynx

A

D

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7
Q

7) The capability of the GI tract to move material along its length is called
1. Motility
2. Propulsion
3. Digestion
4. Defecation
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) 4 only
e) Both 1 and 2

A

E

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8
Q

8) Which layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue containing blood and lymph vessels?
a) Mucosa
b) Lamina propria
c) MALT
d) Muscularis
e) Epithelium

A

B

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9
Q

9) Which layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue that binds the mucosa to the muscularis?
a) Submucosa
b) Lamina propria
c) Epithelium
d) Serosa
e) None of these choices

A

A

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10
Q

10) Which layer functions by secreting a lubricating fluid?
a) Serosa
b) Submucosa
c) Muscularis
d) Mucosa
e) MALT

A

A

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11
Q

11) Which structure is composed of prominent lymphatic nodules that function in the immune response?
a) Mucosa
b) Lamina propria
c) MALT
d) Submucosa
e) Serosa

A

C

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12
Q

12) Which plexus is located between the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the muscularis?
a) ENS
b) Myenteric plexus
c) Submucosal plexus
d) Digestive plexus
e) Absorption plexus

A

B

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13
Q

13) Why do emotions such as anger or fear slow digestion?
a) Because they stimulate the parasympathetic nerves supplying the GI tract b) Because they stimulate the somatic nerves that supply the GI tract
c) Because they stimulate the sympathetic nerves that supply the GI tract
d) They do not affect digestion
e) Because all emotions are controlled by the Vagus nerve

A

C

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14
Q

14) Which portion of the peritoneum drapes over the transverse colon and coils of the small intestine?
a) Greater omentum
b) Falciform ligament
c) Lesser omentum
d) Mesentery
e) Mesocolon

A

A

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15
Q

15) Which portion of the peritoneum attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm?
a) Greater omentum
b) Falciform ligament
c) Lesser omentum
d) Mesentery
e) Mesocolon

A

B

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16
Q

16) Which portion of the peritoneum is largely responsible for carrying blood and lymph vessels to the intestines?
a) Greater omentum
b) Falciform ligament
c) Lesser omentum
d) Mesentery
e) Mesocolon

A

E

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17
Q

17) In the mouth, the tooth sockets are lined with
a) Gingivae
b) Cementum
c) Periodontal ligament
d) Pulp
e) Root

A

C

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18
Q

18) Deciduous molars are replaced by
a) Bicuspids
b) Molars
c) Incisors
d) Canines
e) Wisdom teeth

A

A

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19
Q

19) Which of the following layers of the GI tract contains skeletal muscle?
a) Muscularis
b) Mucosa
c) Serosa
d) Submucosa

A

A

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20
Q

20) How many stages of deglutition are there?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
e) 8

A

B

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21
Q

21) Which structure of the stomach allows greater distension for food storage?
a) Cardia
b) Fundus
c) Pylorus
d) Rugae
e) Sphincter

A

D

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22
Q

22) Which of the following cells secrete hydrochloric acid?
a) Mucous cells
b) Parietal cells
c) Chief cells
d) Serosa cells
e) Chyme cells

A

B

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23
Q

23) Which cell secretes the hormone that promotes the production of hydrochloric acid?
a) Neck cell
b) Chief cell
c) G cell
d) Chyme cell
e) Parietal cell

A

C

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24
Q

24) How long can food stay in the fundus before being mixed with gastric juices?
a) 10 minutes
b) 20 minutes
c) 30 minutes
d) 45 minutes
e) 1 hour

A

E

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25
Q

25) Which major duct carries a fluid rich in bicarbonate ions?
a) Pancreatic duct
b) Hepatopancreatic duct
c) Cystic duct
d) Bile duct
e) Hepatic duct

A

A

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26
Q

26) Which of the following pancreatic enzymes digests lipids?
a) Trypsin
b) Elastase
c) Lipase
d) Pepsin
e) All of these choices

A

C

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27
Q

27) This of the following structures is found on the liver and is a remnant of the umbilical cord in a fetus?
a) Coronary ligament
b) Falciform ligament
c) Round ligament
d) Kupffer ligament
e) Bile ductules

A

C

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28
Q

28) Which of the following is the principle bile pigment?
a) Stercobilin
b) Bilirubin
c) Biliverdin
d) Both Stercobilin and Bilirubin
e) All of these choices

A

B

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29
Q

29) Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
a) Conversion of carbohydrates
b) Protein metabolism
c) Storage of bilirubin
d) Phagocytosis
e) Storage of vitamins

A

C

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30
Q

30) Which of the following small intestine cells secrete lysozyme?
a) Goblet cells
b) Absorptive cells
c) Mucosa cells
d) Paneth cells
e) S cells

A

D

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31
Q

31) Brunner’s glands
a) Secrete an acidic mucus
b) Secrete an alkaline juice
c) Secrete an alkaline mucus
d) Secrete an acidic juice

A

C

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32
Q

32) Which of the following enzymes acts to produce monoglycerides as one product?
a) Lipase
b) Amylase
c) Trypsin
d) Phosphatase
e) Ligase

A

A

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33
Q

33) Which of the following pancreatic enzymes acts on glycogen and starches?
a) Chymotrypsin
b) Amylase
c) Trypsin
d) Phosphatase
e) Nucleosidase

A

B

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34
Q

34) Which of the following pancreatic enzymes acts on peptide bonds?
a) Chymotrypsin
b) Amylase
c) Pepsin
d) Phosphatase
e) Nucleosidase

A

A

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35
Q

35) Which hormone functions to counteract the effect of gastric acid in the small intestine?
a) Pepsin
b) Secretin
c) Gastrin
d) Cholecystokinin
e) Amylase

A

B

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36
Q

36) Which hormone is stimulated by high levels of dietary fat in the small intestine?
a) Pepsin
b) Secretin
c) Gastrin
d) Cholecystokinin
e) Amylase

A

D

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37
Q

37) Which digestive aid, produced by the stomach, begins digestion by denaturing proteins?
a) Bicarbonate ion
b) mucus
c) Bile
d) Hydrochloric acid
e) Water

A

D

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38
Q

38) Which structure regulates the flow of material into the colon?
a) Ileocecal sphincter
b) Pyloric sphincter
c) Appendix
d) Sigmoid colon
e) Anal canal

A

A

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39
Q

39) Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the large intestine?
a) Mechanical digestion
b) Chemical digestion
c) Absorption
d) Feces formation
e) Regulation of blood glucose

A

E

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40
Q

72) Which of the following is the forerunner of the gastrointestinal tract?
a) primitive gut
b) foregut
c) midgut
d) hindgut
e) endoderm

A

A

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41
Q

73) Which of the following is NOT a change in the digestive system associated with aging?
a) Decreased secretory mechanisms
b) Decreased motility of the digestive organs
c) Loss of strength and tone of the muscular tissue
d) changes in neurosensory feedback regarding enzyme and hormone release
e) All of these are age related changes in the digestive system.

A

E

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42
Q

74) Which of the following is a contribution of the digestive system to the muscular system?
a) Small intestine absorbs dietary calcium and phosphorous salts.
b) The liver can convert lactic acid to glucose.
c) Small intestine absorbs vitamin D.
d) Excess dietary calories are stored as triglycerides in adipose cells.
e) The liver synthesizes most plasma proteins.

A

B

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43
Q

75) Which type of hepatitis is spread via fecal contamination of objects such as food, clothing, toys, and eating utensils and is characterized by loss of appetite, malaise, nausea, diarrhea, fever, and chills.
a) Hepatitis A
b) Hepatitis B
c) Hepatitis C
d) Hepatitis D
e) Hepatitis E

A

A

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44
Q

Which layer of the digestive tract is in direct contact with the food that is consumed?
A) mucosa
B) muscularis
C) serosa
D) submucosa

A

A

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45
Q

The enteric plexus is found in the
A) submucosa layer.
B) muscularis layer.
C) serosa layer.
D) both a and b.
E) all of the above.

A

E

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46
Q

The tongue
A) holds food in place during mastication.
B) plays a major role in swallowing.
C) helps to form words during speech.
D) is a major sense organ for taste.
E) all of the above.

A

E

47
Q

Dentin
A) forms the surface of the crown of the teeth.
B) holds the teeth to the periodontal ligaments.
C) is found in the pulp cavity.
D) makes up most of the structure of the teeth.
E) is harder than enamel.

A

D

48
Q

The number of premolar deciduous teeth is
A) 0.
B) 2.
C) 4.
D) 8.
E) 12.

A

A

49
Q

Which of these glands does not secrete saliva into the
oral cavity?
A) submandibular glands
B) pancreas
C) sublingual glands
D) parotid glands

A

B

50
Q

The portion of the digestive tract in which digestion
begins is the
A) oral cavity.
B) esophagus.
C) stomach.
D) duodenum.
E) jejunum.

A

A

51
Q

During deglutition (swallowing),
A) movement of food results primarily from gravity.
B) the swallowing center in the medulla oblongata is activated.
C) food is pushed into the oropharynx during the pharyngeal phase.
D) the soft palate closes off the opening into the larynx.

A

B

52
Q

The stomach
A) has large folds in the submucosa and mucosa called rugae.
B) has two layers of smooth muscle in the muscularis layer.
C) opening from the esophagus is the pyloric opening
D) has an area closest to the duodenum called the fundus.
E) all of the above.

A

A

53
Q

Which of these stomach cell types is not correctly matched with its function?
A) surface mucous cells: produce mucus
B) parietal cells: produce hydrochloric acid
C) chief cells: produce intrinsic factor
D) endocrine cells: produce regulatory hormones

A

C

54
Q

HCl
A) is an enzyme.
B) creates the acid condition necessary for pepsin to work.
C) is secreted by the small intestine.
D) activates salivary amylase.
E) all of the above.

A

B

55
Q

Why doesn’t the stomach digest itself?
A) The stomach wall is not composed of protein, so it’s not affected by proteolytic enzymes.
B) The digestive enzymes of the stomach are not strong enough to digest the stomach wall.
C) The lining of the stomach wall has a protective layer of epithelial cells.
D) The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus.

A

D

56
Q

Which of these hormones stimulates stomach secretions?
A) cholecystokinin
B) gastric inhibitory peptide
C) gastrin
D) secretin

A

C

57
Q

Which of these phases of stomach secretion is correctly matched?
A) Cephalic phase: the largest volume of secretion is produced.
B) Gastric phase: gastrin secretion is inhibited by distention of the stomach.
C) Gastric phase: initiated by chewing, swallowing, or thinking of food.
D) Gastrointestinal phase: stomach secretions are inhibited.

A

D

58
Q

Which of these structures function to increase the mucosal surface of the small intestine?
A) circular folds
B) villi
C) microvilli
D) length of the small intestine
E) all of the above

A

E

59
Q

Given these parts of the small intestine:
1. duodenum
2. ileum
3. jejunum
Choose the arrangement that lists the parts in the order food encounters them as it passes from the stomach through the small intestine.
A) 1,2,3
B) 1,3,2
C) 2,1,3
D) 2,3,1
E) 3,1,2

A

B

60
Q

Which cells in the small intestine have digestive enzymes attached to their surfaces?
A) mucuous cells
B) goblet cells
C) endocrine cells
D) absorptive cells

A

D

61
Q

The hepatic sinusoids
A) receive blood from the hepatic artery.
B) receive blood from the hepatic portal vein.
C) empty into the central veins.
D) all of the above

A

D

62
Q

Given these ducts:
1. common bile duct
2. common hepatic duct
3. cystic duct
4. hepatic ducts
Choose the arrangement that lists the ducts in the order bile passes through them when moving from the bile canaliculi of the liver to the small intestine.
A) 3,4,2
B) 3,2,1
C) 3,4,1
D) 4,1,2
E) 4,2,1

A

E

63
Q

Which of these might occur if a person suffers from a severe case of hepatitis that impairs liver function?
A) Fat digestion is difficult.
B) By-products of hemoglobin breakdown accumulate in the blood.
C) Plasma proteins decrease in concentration.
D) Toxins in the blood increase.
E) All of the above.

A

E

64
Q

The gallbladder
A) produces bile.
B) stores bile.
C) contracts and releases bile in response to secretin.
D) contracts and releases bile in response to sympathetic stimulation.
E) both b and c.

A

B

65
Q

The aqueous component of pancreatic secretions
A) is secreted by the pancreatic islets.
B) contains bicarbonate ions.
C) is released primarily in response to cholecystokinin.
D) passes directly into the blood.
E) all of the above.

A

B

66
Q

Given these structures:
1. ascending colon
2. descending colon
3. sigmoid colon
4. transverse colon
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order that food encounters them as it passes between the small intestine and the rectum.
A) 1,2,3,4
B) 1,4,2,3
C) 2,3,1,4
D) 2,4,1,3
E) 3,4,1,2

A

B

67
Q

Which of these is not a function of the large intestine?
A) absorption of fats
B) absorption of certain vitamins
C) absorption of water and salts
D) production of mucus
E) all of the above

A

A

68
Q

Defecation
A) can be initiated by stretch of the rectum.
B) can occur as a result of mass movements.
C) involves local reflexes.
D) involves parasympathetic reflexes mediated by the spinal cord.
E) all of the above.

A

E

69
Q

Which of these structures produces enzymes that digest carbohydrates?
A) salivary glands
B) pancreas
C) lining of the small intestine
D) both a and b
E) all of the above

A

E

70
Q

Bile
A) is an important enzyme for the digestion of fats.
B) is made by the gallbladder.
C) contains breakdown products from hemoglobin.
D) emulsifies fats.
E) both c and d.

A

E

71
Q

Micelles are
A) lipids surrounded by bile salts.
B) produced by the pancreas.
C) released into lacteals.
D) stored in the gallbladder.
E) reabsorbed in the colon.

A

A

72
Q

If the thoracic duct were tied off, which of these classes of nutrients would not enter the circulatory system at their normal rate?
A) amino acids
B) glucose
C) lipids
D) fructose
E) nucleotides

A

C

73
Q

Which of these lipoprotein molecules transports excess lipids from cells back to the liver?
A) high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
B) low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
C) very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)

A

A

74
Q

_____ is propulsion involving alternate waves of contraction and relaxation of the muscles in the organ walls

A

peristalsis

75
Q

The movement of food along the digestive tract is called _____

A

propulsion

76
Q

The process of eliminating undigested material through the anus is called _____

A

defecation

77
Q

The process of taking in food; it is usually by mouth, but can involve other means in a debilitating patient is called _____

A

ingestion

78
Q

____ describes the rhythmic timing of the muscle constrictions forces the food backward and forward rather than forward only.

A

segmentation

79
Q

Arrange the following in proper sequence:
1. digestion
2. elimination
3. ingestion
4. absorption

A

3, 1, 4, 2

80
Q

The process of chemically breaking down food into simpler molecules is called ____

A

chemical digestion

81
Q

In order to remove a tumour in the muscular tunic of the stomach, a surgeon must cut through the

A

serosa

82
Q

The muscularis layer in the wall of the digestive tract is _____

A

composed of a layer of circular smooth muscle fibres and a layer of longitudinal smooth muscle fibers

83
Q

Which layer of the digestive tract is in direct contact with the food consumed?

A

mucosa

84
Q

Beginning at the lumen, the sequence of layers of the digestive tract wall is

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis,
serosa

85
Q

What is the muscularis responsible for?

A

peristalsis

86
Q

The digestive functions performed by saliva and salivary amylase, respectively are _____

A

moistening and starch digestion

87
Q

The portion of the digestive tract that receives food directly from the oral cavity is the ______

A

oropharynx

88
Q

What happens during the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

A

food is moved through the pharynx

89
Q

What regulates the movement of food in the esophagus?

A

Upper and lower sphincters

90
Q

What does mastication do?

A

Increases the surface area of food
particles

91
Q

What is secreted by the stomach?

A

pepsinogen and intrinsic factor

92
Q

What facilitates the absorption of vitamin B12?

A

intrinsic factor

93
Q

The stomach is found to take 4 hours to empty. The most likely explanation is ___

A

the stomach was filled with solid food at the last meal

94
Q

Anticipation of eating food causes an increase in the secretion of gastric juice. This phase of gastric secretion is called the ____ phase

A

cephalic

95
Q

Food in the stomach is squeezed and mixed with gastric juices, forming a semiliquid called _____

A

chyme

96
Q

The distention of the stomach by food is the primary stimulus to begin the ____

A

gastric phase of gastric secretion

97
Q

Why doesn’t the stomach digest itself?

A

The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus

98
Q

Most of the nutrients, water, and electrolytes in food are digested and absorbed during the ____ passage through the small intestine

A

6-8 hour

99
Q

After digestion, food molecules are absorbed through the ___ of the small intestine into the circulatory of the lymphatic system for delivery to body cells

A

microvilli

100
Q

Most of the water, 8-8.5L, moves by _____, with absorbed solutes, out of the small intestines and into the blood and lymphatics

A

osmosis

101
Q

The major function of the small intestine is ____

A

to complete food digestion and absorb those nutrient products

102
Q

The gallbladder contracts in response to the hormone_______

A

cholecystokinin

103
Q

What does cholecystokinin do?

A

stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder

104
Q

Bile is produced by cells of the _____

A

liver

105
Q

Which accessory organ of digestion has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

A

pancreas

106
Q

The major stimulus for the release of cholecystokinin is the presence of ___ in the intestine.

A

fatty acids and other lipids

107
Q

What does the liver consist of?

A

two major lobes and two minor lobes

108
Q

What does bile do in the small intestine?

A

emulsifies fats

109
Q

What is located closest to the rectum?

A

sigmoid colon

110
Q

The major secretion of the large intestine is ____

A

mucus

111
Q

Arrange the following structures in order from the small intestine to the rectum.
1. ascending colon
2. descending colon
3. sigmoid colon
4. transverse colon

A

1, 4, 2, 3

112
Q

The anal canal has ___

A

an internal sphincter made of smooth muscle

113
Q

Which organ is responsible for converting chime to feces?

A

large intestine

114
Q

What are the 10 functions of the liver?

A

1) carbohydrate metabolism
2) lipid metabolism
3) amino acid metabolism
4) waste product removal
5) vitamin storage
6) mineral storage
7) drug inactivation
8) synthesis of plasma proteins
9) removal of hormones
10) removal of antibodies

Unit 5-6 Chapter 21-29 (9 decks)

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