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Patho > Chapter 25 > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 cystic disorders?

A
  1. Autosomal Dominant polycystic kidney disease
  2. Autosomal Recessive polycystic kidney disease
  3. Nephronophthsis
  4. Medullary Cystic kidney disease
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2
Q

Cystic disorders can either be __ or ___

A

genetic or acquired

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3
Q

Simple cysts are from:

A

destruction or reduction of blood flow to the renal cortex

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4
Q

Acquired renal cysts are from:

A

ppl that are on long term dialysis and have chronic kidney disease.
*in ppl over 50 yrs old

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5
Q

Autosomal Dominant:

A
  • mutation in PKHD1 and PKDH2 gene
  • adult onset
  • main symptom: HEMATURIA, PROTEINURIA
  • bubble like cysts on nephrons that lead to renal failure
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6
Q

Autosomal Recessive

A
  • PKHD1 mutation
  • cysts form on JUST the collecting ducts of nephrons
  • onset in infants/children
  • Mainly PROTEINURIA, liver fibrosis, portal hypertension
  • deadly- disease progresses quickly
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7
Q

What are the 2 types of Immune Mechanisms: Glomerular Disease

A
  1. Antiglomerular membrane Antibodies- not attached to antigen
  2. Circulating antigen-antibody complex deposition: bound and deposited.
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8
Q

Circulating antigen-antibody complex deposition can be a result of what common virus?

A

strep throat- travels through body and gets stuck in glomerulus. WBC attack glomerulus bc it’s lodged

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9
Q

Nephronitis and Medullary Cystic disease affects what part of the glomerulus?

A

medullary tubules

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10
Q

Glomerular Damage can be seen as 3 changes in cells:

A
  1. Proliferative- # of cells increase
  2. Membranous- basement membrane thickens
  3. Sclerotic- ECM increases
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11
Q

Nephritic vs Nephrotic disease:

A

Nephritic: hematuria, mild proteinuria, ^BP, Azotemia
* acute onset- caused by inflammation

Nephrotic: Proteinuria, Hypoalbuminemia, severed edema

       * at risk for atheroscelorsis
       * problems with clotting and bleeding (albumin)
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12
Q

Disorders of Glomerular Function:

A
  1. Acute Nephritic Syndrome
  2. Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
  3. Nephrotic Syndrome
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13
Q

presence of nitrogensou wastes in the blood, oliguria, and hematuria are all categorized as:

A

excess wastes in the blood

Defined as: Azotemia

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14
Q

Nephritic syndromes:

A
  1. Acute Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis
  2. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
  3. Goodpasture disease
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15
Q

a proliferative inflammatory response with Azotemia, oliguria, and hematuria as main symptoms:

A

Acute Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis

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16
Q

This disease has no evident cause and can be attributed to immune response (lupus). It develops rapidly and creates an influx of immune cells into glomerulus, causing deposits that obstruct flow.

A

Rapidly Progressie Glomerulonephritis

17
Q

This Nephritic syndrome specifically causes rapid pulmonary hemorrhage and renal failure

A

Good Pasture Syndrome

18
Q

T or F

Those with Nephrotic syndrome are less responsive to drugs?

A

True

  • nephrotic syndrome is a severe loss of protein (proteinuria)
  • there is no protein to bind to the drug gets excreted fast
19
Q

Patients with Nephrotic syndrome are more likely to get___.

A

Atherosclerosis
- deficiency of albumin in blood triggers liver to produce more of it. This amps up LDL production, this creates atherosclerotic buildup over time.

20
Q

A lack of albumin in blood supply creates what:

A
  • edema

- increased free drug

21
Q

Excess proteins in urine means the blood has less what in it?

A
  • clotting and anticoagulant factors
  • binding proteins (hormones and ions)
  • immunoglobulins
  • albumin
22
Q

How do you diagnosis renal disease?

A

renal biopsy

23
Q

Chronic Pyelonephritis is caused by:

A
  • malformation of ureter entry way into bladder (flap or angle)
  • recurring kidney infection due to obstruction
24
Q

Pyelonephritis is caused by:

A

kidney infection
Acute- usually from bacterial infection, cleared up with antibiotics

Chronic- recurring infections, usually due to malformation of ureter flap or entrance into bladder, trapping infection into bladder
*treatment-remove obstruction, fix malformation

25
Q

Obstruction disorders:

A
  1. Hydronephrosis- fluid caused expansion of renal tubules (caused by obstruction)
  2. Renal Calculi- solid formations that physically block renal tubules
26
Q

Consequences of dilation of renal tubules or tract (Hydronephrosis)

A
  1. increased pressure inside renal capsule
  2. Compartment syndrome: compresses blood vessels
  3. Renal Ischemia ^
27
Q

Consequences of renal tubules obstruction (renal calculi)

A
  1. stasis of urine
  2. risk of infection
  3. stone formation from bacteria colonizations
28
Q

Renal Calculi theories: (3)

A
  1. Saturation theory
  2. Matrix theory
  3. Inhibitor theory
29
Q

4 types of renal calculi:

A
  1. Calcium stones
  2. Magnesium ammonium phosphate stones
  3. uric acid stones
  4. cystine stones
30
Q

acute, intermittent and excruciating pain from kidney stones

A

Renal collic

31
Q

uric acid stones are associated with:

A

gout

-from too fatty of a diet (uric acid from high purine diet)

32
Q

in renal ___, the kidneys don’t develop to normal size

A

hypoplasia

33
Q

Renal ___ is due to an abnormality in the differentiation of kidney structures during embryonic development.

A

dysplasia

Patho (18 decks)

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