Chapter 25 & 2

Question 1

How many atoms can make up an organic compound? These types are called?

Answer 1

thousands / macromolecules

Question 2

Macromolecules are composed of?

Answer 2

small building blocks

Question 3

Name the 4 main groups of organic compounds

Answer 3

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 4

What are the best examples of carbohydrates?

Answer 4

sugars and starches

Question 5

Carbohydrates function in providing this for cells?

Answer 5

short - term, quick energy

Question 6

Carbohydrates contain what elements? (3)

Answer 6

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 7

Name the 3 classifications of carbohydrates

Answer 7

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides,

Question 8

these are simple sugars

Answer 8

monosaccharides (simple, mono, one)

Question 9

examples of monosaccharides

Answer 9

glucose and fructose

Question 10

During digestion, carbohydrates are broken down into what form? Why? They are used for?

Answer 10

monosaccharides which is small enough to get into cells and be used for fuel

Question 11

these are complex sugars consisting of 2 monosaccharies covalently bonded to one another

Answer 11

disaccharides

Question 12

examples of disaccharides

Answer 12

sucrose and lactose

Question 13

table sugar

Answer 13

sucrose

Question 14

milk sugar

Answer 14

lactose

Question 15

These are complex carbs consisting of many simple sugars covalently bonded to one another to form a long chain.

Answer 15

polysaccharides

Question 16

examples of polysaccharides

Answer 16

starch and glycogen

Question 17

What is the storage form of glucose in plants?

Answer 17

starch

Question 18

This is the storage form of glucose in animals (within liver and muscle cells)

Answer 18

glycogen

Question 19

examples of lipids

Answer 19

fats and oils

Question 20

lipids function in providing this for cells

Answer 20

long-term fuel

Question 21

this makes up the cell membranes of cells?

Answer 21

lipids

Question 22

are lipids soluble in water?

Answer 22

no

Question 23

lipids contain what 3 elements?

Answer 23

carbon, hydogen, oxygen

Question 24

lipids are partially composed of?

Answer 24

fatty acids

Question 25

3 classifications of lipids

Answer 25

Monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglyceries

Question 26

how many fatty acids does monoglycerides contains? diglycerides? triglyceries?

Answer 26

1, 2, 3 respectively

Question 27

proteins have what kind of functions?

Answer 27

various

Question 28

What 5 elements do proteins contain?

Answer 28

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur

Question 29

Proteins are composed of these which are covalently bonded to one another to form a long chain

Answer 29

amino acids

Question 30

Name a few examples of proteins (6)

Answer 30

enzymes, hemoglobin, collagen, antibodies, actin, and myosin

Question 31

what chemicals help to speed up chemical reactions in living things.

Answer 31

enzymes

Question 32

this is a long chain of amino acids

Answer 32

polypeptide

Question 33

these consist of several polypeptide chains.

Answer 33

globular proteins

Question 34

What can be done to proteins during extreme condidtions such as heat or acidity.

Answer 34

Denatured

Question 35

When proteins are denature, what changes causing what to happen?

Answer 35

its shape and it can no longer carry out its function.

Question 36

Name 2 examples of Nucleic Acids

Answer 36

DNA & RNA

Question 37

What elements are contains in DNA and RNA? (5)

Answer 37

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

Question 38

DNA makes up?

Answer 38

genes

Question 39

these are the basic units of inheritance

Answer 39

genes

Question 40

RNA is involved in?

Answer 40

protein synthesis by cells.