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HLSC 124 - Microbiology for Health Professionals > Chapter 26 - Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 26 - Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Do any of these diseases involve endo or exotoxins?

A

NO!

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2
Q

Is urine sterile?

A

Heck no

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3
Q

What is cystitis?

A

inflammation of the urinary bladder

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4
Q

Why is cystitis more common in females?

A

-they have a shorter urethra so bacteria travels easier to the bladder
-they also have an easier entry point for bacteria (urethra is near anus)

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of cystitis?

A

-dysuria (painful urination)
-pyuria (pus/leukocytes in urine)

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6
Q

75% of cystitis is cause by ________ and the other 25% is caused by _________

A

E. coli; Staphylococcus saprophyticus

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7
Q

Which form of the cystitis infection is more dangerous?

A

E. coli

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8
Q

What is honeymoon cystitis?

A

-UTI caused by sexual intercourse

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9
Q

What % of female cystitis infections are caused by sexual intercourse?

A

33%

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10
Q

Contraceptive use is associated with cystitis is females or males?

A

females

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11
Q

What does cystitis in males often cause?

A

-enlarged prostate gland
-impeded urine flow

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12
Q

What is used to treat cystitis?

A

trimethoprim-sulfamethexazole

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13
Q

What is urethritis?

A

inflammation of the urethra

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14
Q

What is pyelonephritis?

A

inflammation of one or both kidneys

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15
Q

What pathogen causes pyelonephritis?

A

E. coli

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16
Q

Pyelonephritis happens in 25% of untreated _______ cases

A

cystitis

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17
Q

Symptoms of Pyelonephritis

A

-fever
-chills
-nausea
-vomiting
-back pain

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18
Q

What occurs in chronic pyelonephritis?

A

-scar tissue on kidneys impairs their function

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19
Q

What is a symptom of chronic pyelonephritis?

A

excessive sweating

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20
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat pyelonephritis?

A

cephalosporins

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21
Q

What pathogen causes gonorrhea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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22
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

-gram-negative
-diplococci
-attach via fimbriae

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23
Q

Where does gonorrhea attach?

A

oral or urogenital mucosa

24
Q

What is “the drip”?

A

-a symptom of gonorrhea in males
-pus discharge with microbes in it

25
Q

What is a possible result of gonorrhea in males?

A

-infection moves upwards and impedes testicular function
-can lead to sterility

26
Q

Which region of the female does gonorrhea affect?

A

cervical region

27
Q

Symptoms of Gonorrhea in Females

A

-females are mostly asymptomatic
-burning cervix
-difficulty urinating

28
Q

If gonorrhea moves upward in females it can lead to…

A

-transmission to baby if pregnant

29
Q

Neonatal Gonorrheal Opthalmia

A

blindness in newborns

30
Q

How does pharyngeal gonorrhea occur?

A

oral sex transmission

31
Q

How does anal gonorrhea occur?

A

-anal sex
-spread from genitals

32
Q

If untreated gonorrhea can lead to…

A

-endocarditis
-meningitis
-arthritis

33
Q

How is gonorrhea treated?

A

-cephalosporins
-fluoroquinolones

34
Q

How is gonorrhea diagnosed?

A

-gram stain
-ELISA
-PCR

35
Q

What is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

A

term form any extensive bacterial infection of the female pelvic organs

36
Q

What are serious complications of PID?

A

-fallopian tube rupture
-sterility

37
Q

PID is a polymicrobial infection meaning…

A

-it can be caused by many bateria
-usually N. gonorrhoea and Chlamydia trachomatis

38
Q

Salpingitis

A

-infection of the uterine tubes
-most serious form of PID

39
Q

PID can lead to an ________ pregnancy (Hint: in uterine tube)

A

ectopic

40
Q

What is PID treated using?

A

-doxycycline and cefoxitin

41
Q

What is nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)?

A

any inflammation of the urethra not caused by N. gonorrhoeae

42
Q

What are the symptoms of NGU?

A

-painful urination
-water discharge
-PID

43
Q

What usually causes NGU?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

44
Q

How is NGU diagnosed?

A

-culturing
-PCR

45
Q

How is NGU treated?

A

-doxycycline
-azithromycin

46
Q

What bacteria causes syphilis?

A

Treponema palladium

47
Q

Where does syphilis invade?

A

mucosa or skin breaks

48
Q

Primary Stage Syphilis

A

-chancre (pus filled sore)
-bacteria has spread to CV and lymphatic system

49
Q

Where does the chancre infect women?

A

cervix

50
Q

Secondary Stage Syphilis

A

-oral sores
-skin rash all over body (even palms and soles)
-fever, lethargy, weakness, hair loss

51
Q

How is syphilis spread?

A

-sexual intercourse
-asexually (ie. contact with healthcare staff)

52
Q

Latent Syphilis

A

-no symptoms
-danger of congenital infection (damage to fetus)

53
Q

What is the frequency of syphilis cases entering the tertiary stage?

A

25% of untreated cases after many years of latent phase

54
Q

What is tertiary syphilis classified by?

A

-Gummas lesions on skin and organs

55
Q

What is used to treat syphilis?

A

benzathine penicillin

HLSC 124 - Microbiology for Health Professionals (18 decks)

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