Chapter 26 study guide

Question 1

The years between _______ and _______ were the height of the age of imperialism.

Answer 1

1870, 1914

Question 2

Imperialism-

Answer 2

When one country takes control of another country

Question 3

Imperialism was not a new idea. Empires had controlled other countries before the 1800s. What was new was the strength of the modern nations.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

By 1914 the great powers of _______, _______, and the _______ controlled almost the entire world.

Answer 4

Europe
Japan
United States

Question 5

Large groups of people from one country living together in a new place.

Answer 5

settlement colonies

Question 6

In _______, a few European officials ruled the non-European people.

Answer 6

dependent colonies

Question 7

Europeans set up _______ in some areas. Here, the local ruler kept his title.

Answer 7

Protectorates

Question 8

Areas in which one nation had a special interest and other nations agreed to respect those special interests were called _______.

Answer 8

spheres of influence

Question 9

_______ was a powerful force between 1870 and 1914.

Answer 9

Nationalism

Question 10

Industrialization hurt the rise of imperialism.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Industrial development created many jobs, but in Europe there was not enough work to employ all the new job seekers. As a result, Europeans left their home countries in record numbers in the _______.

Answer 11

1880s

Question 12

The populations of North America, South America, and Australia swelled with settlers from _______.

Answer 12

Europe

Question 13

Many Europeans thought non-Western people were primitive—“half devil and half child.” These wrong ideas caused Europeans to change the way of life for countless people. These were the ideas of “the White Man’s Burden.”

Answer 13

True

Question 14

There were group of people that were against imperialism.

Answer 14

There were group of people that were against imperialism.

Question 15

_______ missionaries were very active throughout many areas of the world during the age of imperialism. Churches in Europe and the United States sent a growing number of people to the colonies.

Answer 15

Christian

Question 16

In 1830 a French force occupied Algiers, a Muslim state of the _______ Empire.

Answer 16

Ottoman

Question 17

Algiers would be considered a…

Answer 17

settlement colony

Question 18

Tunis was also part of the Ottoman Empire, but it had an independent government.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

In Tunis, the Turkish government stayed as ruler, but the French controlled the country. Tunis is a…

Answer 19

protectorate

Question 20

Morocco was a French _______.

Answer 20

protectorate

Question 21

Today Tunis is known as _______.

Answer 21

Tunisia

Question 22

France’s takeover of Morocco was an invasion by force.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

In 1854 the Egyptian government allowed a French company to start building the _______ Canal.

Answer 23

Suez

Question 24

The Suez Canal would go through the Isthmus of Suez to connect the _______ and the _______.

Answer 24

Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea

Question 25

Purchase of stock in the Suez canal would give the British a more direct sea route to their colonies in _______, _______, and ______.

Answer 25

India
New Zealand
Australia

Question 26

Although Egypt seemed to be independent, _______ actually ruled it for many years.

Answer 26

Great Britain

Question 27

Both Great Britain and _______ were interested in controlling Sudan, an Egyptian colony.

Answer 27

France

Question 28

In Sudan Muslim leader named Muhammad Ahmad called himself al-Mahd¯ı, a title meaning “_______”.

Answer 28

The Expected One

Question 29

In Sudan, once France realized that neither its army nor navy could defeat the British, France yielded the Sudan to Great Britain. These events became known as the Fashoda crisis

Answer 29

True

Question 30

The outcome of the Fashoda crisis was that Great Britain and Egypt won joint control of _______. The region became known as Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.

Answer 30

Sudan

Question 31

(Select all that apply) In North Africa the French gained control of:

Answer 31

Tunis
Algiers
Morocco

Question 32

(Select all that apply) In North Africa Great Britain gained control of:

Answer 32

Egypt
The Suez Canal
Fashoda

Question 33

The former slave trading centers of West Africa turned to other types of trade, such as palm oil, feathers, ivory, rubber, and other products. _______ imperialist started to push inland as they wanted to control the sources of the products they were trading.

Answer 33

European

Question 34

Europeans gained control of African lands easily.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

_______, a Muslim reformer and great military leader, led a revolt against the French in Senegal. He continued fighting off and on from 1883until 1898 when he was finally captured.

Answer 35

Samory Touré

Question 36

By 1900 the _______ had claimed not only Senegal but also a vast area called _______ West Africa.

Answer 36

French

Question 37

The _______ ruled all Ashanti territory, and the Gold Coast became a _______ colony.

Answer 37

British

Question 38

By the early 1900s, France, Great Britain, Germany, Spain, and Portugal had claimed almost all of West Africa.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

By the early 1900s, _______ was the only independent state of West Africa.

Answer 39

Liberia

Question 40

Because former slaves from the _______ had settled Liberia, they helped keep the country from becoming a European colony.

Answer 40

United States

Question 41

In 1869 the New York Herald hired _______ to find Dr. David Livingstone, a missionary who had disappeared in central Africa. In 1871 he finally found him, with a greeting that became famous throughout the world: “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?”

Answer 41

Sir Henry Stanley

Question 42

(Select all that apply) King Leopold II of Belgium carved out a personal colony of 900.000 sq. miles in the African Congo. His rule here is an example of imperialism at its worst. Why?

Answer 42

He sold business people the rights to take raw materials.
Business people took great amounts of the Congo’s natural rubber.
He used slave labor.

Question 43

As the European nations continued onto East Africa, a famine of the East African people allowed the Europeans to colonize the lands with ease as the African people were too weak to resist.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

In 1652 Dutch settlers founded Cape Town as a supply station for ships sailing to the East Indies. This land of South Africa was seized by the _______ in the early 1800s.

Answer 44

British

Question 45

The migration north and east of the people of Cape Colony was known as the Great Trek. These people were descendants of the original Dutch settlers. They were called the _______.

Answer 45

Boers

Question 46

Under leadership of the great leader ______, the Zulu empire fought the Boers for control of the region. In 1879 the British joined in the war, defeating the Zulu and destroying their empire.

Answer 46

Shaka

Question 47

What native African state had direct access to the Red Sea coastal trade in 1883?

Answer 47

Ethiopia

Question 48

What native African states remained independent of European control during the colonial era?

Answer 48

Ethiopia and Liberia

Question 49

In 1884 _______ declared a protectorate over the territory of South-West Africa. In the same year, Great Britain began moving inland from Cape Colony.

Answer 49

Germany

Question 50

British businessman _______ led the British inland move from Cape Colony.

Answer 50

Cecil Rhodes

Question 51

The Boer War, between the Boers and the British, is known to modern South Africans as the _______War.

Answer 51

South African

Question 52

(Select all that apply) These events led to the beginning of South Africa’s system of racial segregation:

Answer 52

the Union of South Africa was produced.
the British united Cape Colony and the three Boer colonies.
new constitution made it almost impossible for nonwhites to ever get voting rights.

Question 53

Europeans based this type of government on their belief that Africans were not able to rule themselves. This way of ruling is called _______. Europeans governed their colonies in the same way that parents guide their children.

Answer 53

Paternalism

Question 54

When in talks with Italy Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia discovered that the Italians were trying to trick him by showing him a copy of the treaty in his language that was different from the treaty in Italian, which gave the Europeans more power. This was rare, as the Europeans were not likely to take advantage of local African leaders.

Answer 54

False

Question 55

Most Africans never accepted European culture, even though Europeans hoped they would do so. The French even hoped for _______, which happens when people give up their own culture completely and adopt another culture.

Answer 55

assimilation

Question 56

As Western imperialism reached into Asia and the Pacific during the _______, native peoples often responded with resistance and conflict.

Answer 56

1800s

Question 57

During the early to mid-1800s, the British East India Company controlled a large area of _______.

Answer 57

India

Question 58

After Indian soldiers rebelled against the British East India Company in 1857, the French government took direct control.

Answer 58

False

Question 59

Great Britain ruled about three-fifths of the Indian subcontinent. The other two fifths were divided up into more than 550 states and an Indian prince headed each of these states. But, three-fifths of India was not enough for the British.

Answer 59

False

Question 60

The British Rule in India treated Hindus and Muslims equally but did little to ease religious hatred between them.

Answer 60

True

Question 61

By the early 1900s the native Indian people at the British colonist were seemingly living in harmony, however, the two groups had little social contact with each other.

Answer 61

True

Question 62

The _______ thought they were a superior race than the Indians.

Answer 62

British

Question 63

All Indians wanted to break all ties with Great Britain and sweep away the Western influence.

Answer 63

False

Question 64

The _______ was an activist movement of the Japanese samurai that had grown impatient with Japan’s old ways and wanted a government and social system more like those in the West.

Answer 64

Meiji Restoration

Question 65

The Meiji took the following actions to resemble a western society:

Answer 65

all Japanese were free to choose what kind of work they wanted to do.
the government also required that everyone should go to school.
giving voting rights to some Japanese.
created a two-house national assembly called the Diet.

Question 66

Within the _______, a two-house national assembly, one house was made up of people who were elected. In the beginning, the elected house had very limited power.

Answer 66

Diet

Question 67

By _______ Japan had become the first country in Asia to industrialize.

Answer 67

1900

Question 68

After industrialization, Japan was much stronger than it had been before the Meiji Restoration.

Answer 68

True

Question 69

As fear of _______ grew in Asian countries, the Japanese became imperialists themselves.

Answer 69

Imperialism

Question 70

The following countries had interest in controlling Korea, once a dependent colony of China:

Answer 70

United States
Japan
Russia
France

Question 71

In 1894 a rebellion broke out in Korea. The rebels wanted their people to be free from Chinese control. Both Japan and China sent armed forces to Korea. The situation exploded into the _______.

Answer 71

Sino-Japanese War

Question 71

As a result of the Treaty of Shimonoseki:

Answer 71

China was forced to give Korea its independence.
Japan gained control of the island of Taiwan (Formosa) and some other small islands next to it.
Japan also gained control of an area along the coast of Manchuria.
Japan won the right to trade in China.

Question 72

Imperialism in East Asia to 1914: Which European power controlled the most area in this region?

Answer 72

Great Britain

Question 73

Great Britain had control of two important colonies in Southeast Asia—_______ and _______.

Answer 73

Burma; Singapore

Question 74

In the 1800s, the _______ military took over the eastern part of Southeast Asia. The area became known as _______ Indochina. The original three nations regained their independence in the 1950s. Today they are the nations of Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam.

Answer 74

French

Question 75

As King Mongkut of _______ skillfully played British interests against French interests, the British and French finally agreed that an independent _______ was useful as a buffer state between them.

Answer 75

Siam

Question 76

The Dutch East Indies were first colonized by the Dutch in the 1600s. The Netherlands gradually reformed their colonial policies. The Dutch East Indies became the nation of _______ in 1949.

Answer 76

Indonesia

Question 77

After its war with Spain in 1898 the Spain became a greater imperial power in the Pacific.

Answer 77

True

Question 78

Hawaii’s Queen _______ did not want foreigners to control Hawaii. She tried to change the treaties that allowed them to stay. In 1893 the business leaders gained enough power to end the queen’s reign. The United States took over Hawaii in 1898.

Answer 78

Liliuokalani

Question 79

The United States ginned control of all of the following in the Pacific Ocean:

Answer 79

American Samoa
Hawaiian Islands
Philippine Islands
Guam
Wake Island

Question 80

Many Filipinos, did not welcome the U.S. _______ led the Filipinos in a fight for independence. The Filipinos used guerrilla warfare against the better-equipped United States army. The war lasted for three hard years. The Filipinos were finally defeated in 1902.

Answer 80

Emilio Aguinaldo

Question 81

Cuba had been a Spanish colony for many years, but the Cubans were unhappy under Spanish rule. A rebellion had failed, and the situation was tense. This alarmed _______ who had businesses in Cuba.

Answer 81

Americans

Question 82

The _______, an American battleship, exploded in Havana harbor, killing some 260 Americans.

Answer 82

Maine

Question 83

The United States declared war in April 1898. Congress stated that the United States was fighting only on behalf of Cuban independence and that America had no intention of taking the island for itself.

Answer 83

True

Question 84

In July U.S. troops arrived in Cuba and with Cuban help, U.S .troops quickly defeated the _______.

Answer 84

Spanish

Question 85

The Treaty of Paris ended the war in December _______.

Answer 85

1898

Question 86

By the terms of the Treaty of Paris:

Answer 86

1. Spain gave up its claim to Cuba
2. Spain gave the United States another of its colonies, Puerto Rico
3. Spain gave up the Philippines.

Question 87

Following the war, United States troops controlled Cuba. The United States immediately allowed Cubans to elect their own government.

Answer 87

False

Question 88

The Platt Amendment said the following:

Answer 88

1. Cuba could not transfer any land except to the United States
2. it gave the United States the right to intervene in Cuba
3. The Unites States gained a permanent naval base in Cuba at Guantánamo Bay

Question 89

The French company that built the Suez Canal had tried to build a canal across Panama, but their attempt had failed.

Answer 89

True

Question 90

Some business leaders in Panama led a revolt to gain freedom from Colombia due to the Columbian government not allowing the U.S. to build the Suez Canal.

Answer 90

True

Question 91

In 1903 the new government gave the United States the rights to build the canal. Work began in 1904 and the _______ Canal opened in 1914.

Answer 91

Panama

Question 92

The _______ said that if the independence of any country in the Western Hemisphere were in danger, the United States would act to prevent other countries from entering. Also, the United States would make sure that Latin American countries would repay their loans.

Answer 92

Roosevelt Corollary

Question 93

Some of the American intervention following the Roosevelt Corollary included to

Answer 93

1. nearly continuous military presence in Nicaragua from 1912 to 1933
2. military presence in the Dominican Republic
3. military presence in Haiti
4. troops were in Cuba from 1906 to 1909

Question 94

According to the textbook, during the age of imperialism, the greatest unrest in Latin America happened in _______.

Answer 94

Mexico

Question 95

What event finally led to the popular rebellion against the rule of Porfirio Díaz in Mexico?

Answer 95

Díaz had allowed foreign companies to take many of Mexico’s natural resources.

Question 96

In the Mexican Civil War, the peasant leader _______ voiced their demands.

Answer 96

Emiliano Zapata

Question 97

When some United States soldiers were arrested in Mexico in 1914, the United States finally decided to act in the Mexican Civil War. Marines took control of Veracruz, an important port on the Gulf of Mexico. This cut off supplies and money to the Huerta government. The action helped Carranza’s forces win the war.

Answer 97

True

Question 98

_______ was a Mexican revolutionary and guerrilla leader. Due to his raiding of a U.S. state, for a time there was a threat of war between Mexico and the United States.

Answer 98

Pancho Villa