Chapter 29

Question 1

contain enzymes that help minimize the loss of organic products as a result of photorespiration.

Answer 1

Perioxisome

Question 2

An alignment of cytoskeletal elements and Golgi-derived vesicles that forms across the midline of a dividing plant cell.

Answer 2

phragmoplast

Question 3

A durable polymer that covers exposed zygotes of charophyte algae and forms the walls of plant spores, preventing them from drying out.

Answer 3

sporopollenin

Question 4

In organisms that have alternation of generations, the multicellular haploid form that produces haploid gametes by mitosis. The haploid gametes unite and develop into sporophytes.

Answer 4

gametophyte

Question 5

In organisms that have alternation of generations, the multicellular diploid form that results from the union of gametes.

Answer 5

sporophyte

Question 6

A plant cell that enhances the transfer of nutrients from parent to embryo.

Answer 6

placental transfer cells

Question 7

A multicellular organ in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and haploid cells develop.

Answer 7

sporangia

Question 8

Multicellular plant structure in which gametes are formed.

Answer 8

gametangia

Question 9

Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and the buds and shoots. The dividing cells enable the plant to grow in length.

Answer 9

apical meristems

Question 10

A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation hat prevents desiccation in terrestrial plants.

Answer 10

cuticle

Question 11

Plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body

Answer 11

vascular tissue

Question 12

A plant with vascular tissue.

Answer 12

vascular plants

Question 13

An informal name for a moss, liverwort, or hornwort; a nonvascular plant that lives on land but lacks some of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular plants.

Answer 13

bryophytes

Question 14

An informal name for a member of the phylum Lycophyta, which includes club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts.

Answer 14

lycophytes

Question 15

An informal name for a member of the phylum Pterophyta, which includes ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns and their relatives.

Answer 15

pterophytes

Question 16

An informal name for a plant that has vascular tissue but lacks seeds.

Answer 16

seedless vascular plants

Question 17

A group of organisms that share the same level of organizational complexity or share a key adaptation.

Answer 17

grade

Question 18

An adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of am embryo packaged along with a store of food within a protective coat.

Answer 18

Seed

Question 19

A vascular plant that bears naked seeds (seeds not enclosed in specialized chambers)

Answer 19

gymnosperm

Question 20

A flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary.

Answer 20

angiosperm

Question 21

nonvascular plants or bryophyte

Answer 21

liverworts, hornworts, mosses

Question 22

A mass of green, branched, once-cell-thick filaments produced by germinating moss spores.

Answer 22

protonema

Question 23

A long, tubular single cell or filament of cells that anchors bryophytes to the ground.

Answer 23

rhizoids

Question 24

The portion of a bryophyte sporophyte that gathers sugars, amino acids, water, and minerals from the parent gametophyte via transfer cells.

Answer 24

Foot

Question 25

The elongated stalk of a bryophyte sporophyte.

Answer 25

Seta

Question 26

(1) A sticky layer that surrounds the cell wall of a prokaryote, protecting the cell surface and sometimes helping to glue the cell to surfaces. (2) The sporangium of a bryophyte (moss, liverwort, or hornwort).

Answer 26

capsule

Question 27

A ring of interlocking, tooth-like structures on the upper part of a moss capsule (sporangium), often specialized for gradual spore discharge.

Answer 27

peristome

Question 28

A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant.

Answer 28

stomata

Question 29

Vascular plant tissue consisting mainly of tubular dead cells that conduct most of the water and minerals upward from the roots to the rest of the plants.

Answer 29

xylem

Question 30

A long, tapered water conducting cell found in the xylem of nearly all vascular plants.

Answer 30

tracheids

Question 31

A hard material embedded in the cellulose matrix of vascular plant cell walls that provides structural support in terrestrial species.

Answer 31

lignin

Question 32

Vascular plant tissue consisting of living cells arranged into elongated tubes transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant.

Answer 32

phloem

Question 33

An organ in vascular plants that anchors the plant and enables it to absorb water and minerals from the soil.

Answer 33

Roots

Question 34

The main photosynthetic organ of vascular plants

Answer 34

Leaves

Question 35

In lycophytes, a small leaf with a single unbranched vein.

Answer 35

microphylls

Question 36

A leaf with a highly branched vascular system, characteristic of the vast majority of vascular plants.

Answer 36

megaphylls

Question 37

A modified leaf that bears sporangia and hence is specialized for reproduction.

Answer 37

sporophylls

Question 38

A cluster of sporangia on a fern sporophyll.

Answer 38

Sori

Question 39

The technical term for a cluster of sporophylls known commonly as a cone, found in most gymnosperms and some seedless vascular plants.

Answer 39

strobili

Question 40

Referring to the plant species that has a single kind of spore, which typically develops into a bisexual gametophyte.

Answer 40

homosporous

Question 41

Referring to a plant species that has two kinds of spores: microspores and megaspores.

Answer 41

heterosporous

Question 42

A spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a female gametophyte.

Answer 42

megaspores