Chapter 3 Flashcards
Phospholipid
A bond between the glycerol component of a lipid and a phosphorus molecule and it is the structural foundation of cell membrane
Proteins
A long chain of amino acids that have been chemically bonded together and help with the transport through the cell/ plasma membrane, communication, the maintenance of its shape, and carry out changes
Cytoskeleton
Provides structure to the cell and anchors the organelle; has protein support of microvilli, cilia, and flagella
Diffusion
Movement of solute down its concentration gradient in order to reach equilibrium
Osmosis
Movement of water through a selective permeable membrane in order to read equilibrium
Phagocytosis
The process by which a cell is eaten.
Pinocytosis
The process of cell drinking. It brings fluids containing dissolved substances into a cell through membrane vesicles
Exocytosis
Transportation of a vesicle outside of a cell. Vesicle fuses with plasma membrane and then the cargo im the vesicle is secreted
Endoplasmic reticulum
Where the synthesis of polypeptides occurs
Smooth ER: synthesizes lipids and carbohydrate metabolism occurs
Rough ER: synthesizes proteins for secretion, incorporation into the plasma membrane and as enzymes within lysosomes
Ribosome
An RNA molecule that synthesizes proteins by receiving an RNA template and chemically bonding amino acids together, producing polypeptide
Lysosomes
Organelle that digests worn out or damaged organelles and all materials that enter the cell by endocytosis
Mitochondria
ATP synthesis occurs here. ATP is produced by cellular respiration
Nucleus
Has nuclear pores that allow RNA to come out and nucleotide acids to come in. Cellular respiration occurs here, genetic material is here, and ribosomal subunits are produced here
Golgi apparatus
Where polypeptides get modified and where they fold, which makes them gain function
DNA
Structure of nucleotides that provide a structure called the double helix
