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H Chemistry > Chapter 3/4 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 3/4 Test Flashcards

0
Q

1st 5 elements in earth’s crust

A

Oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium

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1
Q

1st 2 elements in the human body

A

Oxygen, carbon

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2
Q

Dalton’s theory

A
  1. Elements are made of atoms. 2. Atoms that are the same are identical. 3. Atoms are different are different. 4. Atoms can combine to form compounds. 5. Atoms are indivisible by chemical reactions
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3
Q

What is chemistry?

A

The science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes that these materials undergo

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4
Q

What is a chemical?

A

A compound or substance

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5
Q

What is an atom?

A

Then most basic building blocks if the universe

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6
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An atom with the same of protons but different number of neutrons

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7
Q

What is mass number?

A

The number of protons plus the number of neutrons

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8
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical or physical means

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9
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons or electrons

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10
Q

What is matter?

A

The stuff the universe is composed of, it has mass and occupies space

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11
Q

Define the average atomic mass

A

The average mass of any element found in nature

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12
Q

What is fools gold?

A

FeS2 (iron pyrate)

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13
Q

What is bronze?

A

Bronze is a solution - mix of copper and tin

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14
Q

Wood

A

m hm

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15
Q

Aluminum tube

A

p e

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16
Q

Sugar

A

p c

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17
Q

Salt

A

p c

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18
Q

Air sample

A

m s

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19
Q

1899 dime

A

m s

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20
Q

Steel

A

m s

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21
Q

Distilled water

A

p c

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22
Q

Ammonia

A

p c

23
Q

Atmosphere

A

m hm

24
Q

Salt water

A

m s

25
Q

Brass

A

m s

26
Q

Copper chloride

A

p c

27
Q

Copper wire

A

p e

28
Q

Sea water

A

m hm

29
Q

Ocean water

A

m hm

30
Q

Glass

A

p c

31
Q

Iron nail

A

p e

32
Q

Ceramic pot

A

m s

33
Q

Vaseline

A

p c

34
Q

Wax

A

p c

35
Q

Ice

A

p c

36
Q

Diamond

A

p e

37
Q

Pewter mug

A

m s

38
Q

Gold wedding band

A

p e

39
Q

Propane

A

p c

40
Q

Alcohol

A

p c

41
Q

Vinegar

A

p c

42
Q

Lead fishing weight

A

p e

43
Q

Sulfur

A

p e

44
Q

Aspirin

A

p c

45
Q

Tooth filling

A

m s

46
Q

Pencil lead

A

p e

47
Q

Gasoline

A

p c

48
Q

What did JJ Thomson do?

A

English physicist that in the late 1890s showed that atoms contain electrons, he also concluded there must be positive particles to balance out the negative

49
Q

What did William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) do?

A

Plum pudding model - uniform pudding of positive charges with negative charges to balance out the positive

50
Q

What did Ernest Rutherford do?

A

Concluded the plum pudding model was incorrect - there had to be a concentrated positive charge that deflected the alpha particles while most went through because atoms are mostly empty space. Results explained that atoms have dense positive center called the nucleus around which electrons move in empty space. 1919 concluded nucleus made of protons. 1932 (with James Chadwick) concluded that nuclei contain neutrons

51
Q

Subatomic particles mass from least to greatest

A

Electron, proton, neutron

52
Q

Who is Boyle?

A

He was first scientist to recognize importance of careful measurements. Science is based off experiments.

53
Q

How many elements are there?

A

115; 88 occur naturally

54
Q

Examples of physical properties

A

Odor, color, volume, state, density, melting point, boiling point

55
Q

What is a physical change?

A

Changes in physical properties not change in fundamental components that make up the substance

56
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

Involves a change in fundamental components of the substance (aka reactions)

H Chemistry (3 decks)

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