Chapter 3

Question 1

Phonology

Answer 1

Study of distribution of sounds in a language and the interactions between those different sounds.

Question 2

Phonotactic Constraints

Answer 2

Restrictions on possible combinations of sounds

Question 3

Sound Substitution

Answer 3

French Speakers substitute the nearest sounds available in their phonemic inventory.

Question 4

Contrastive

Answer 4

Replacing one sound with the other in a word can change the word’s meaning

Question 5

Phoneme

Answer 5

A class of speech sounds that seem to be variants of the same sound

Question 6

Allophone

Answer 6

Each member of particular phoneme class

Question 7

Distribution

Answer 7

set of phonetic environments in which occurs

Question 8

Contrastive Distribution

Answer 8

a case in which two sounds occur in the same phonetic environment

Question 9

Minimal Pair

Answer 9

Defined as a pair of words whose pronunciations differ by exactly one sound and have different meanings.

Question 10

Overlapping Distribution

Answer 10

occur in the same environment

Question 11

Phonological Rules

Answer 11

The mapping between phonemic and phonetic elements

Question 12

Underlying form

Answer 12

Actual Phonetic form of a word by means of phonological rules can be represented.

Question 13

Natural Class

Answer 13

a group of sounds in a language that share one or more articulacy or auditory property.

Question 14

Obstruents

Answer 14

Produced with an obstruction of the airflow

Question 15

Sonorants

Answer 15

segments produced with a relatively open passage for the airflow.

Question 16

Assimilation

Answer 16

Cause a sound to become more like a neighboring sound with respect to some phonetic property.

Question 17

Nasal Place Assimilation

Answer 17

An alveolar nasal assimilates to the place of articulation of a following consonant

Question 18

Platalization

Answer 18

special type of assimilation in which a consonant becomes like a neighboring palatal.

Question 19

Aspiration

Answer 19

Voiceless stops become aspirated when they occur at the beginning of a stressed syllable.

Question 20

Vowel Harmony

Answer 20

A back vowel becomes front when preceded by a front vowel in the same word.

Question 21

Obligatory English

Answer 21

rules include aspiration, vowel nasalization, vowel lengthening, and liquid and glide devoicing.

Question 22

Phonemes

Answer 22

Sound is contrastive relative to other sounds in the language.

Question 23

Degree

Answer 23

sounds will be used in a particular language.

Question 24

Insertion

Answer 24

a segment not present at the phonemic level to be added to the phonetic form of a word.

Question 25

Voiceless Stop Insertion

Answer 25

Between nasal consonant and voiceless fricative, a voiceless stop with the same place of articulation as the nasal is inserted.