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music exam 1 > chapter 3, 7, 9-12: pitch, dynamics, tone color, musical instruments > Flashcards

chapter 3, 7, 9-12: pitch, dynamics, tone color, musical instruments Flashcards

1
Q

pitch

A

highness or lowness of a note, depending on the frequency

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2
Q

frequency

A

rate of vibration of a string or column of air, which determines pitch

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3
Q

satb

A

soprano, altor, tenor, bass

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4
Q

pitch calibration

A

A=440 the standard frequency of vibrations per second

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5
Q

dynamics

A

element of music expression relating to the degree of loudness or softness, or volume, of a sound

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6
Q

dynamics: forte

A

loud

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7
Q

dynamics: piano

A

soft

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8
Q

dynamics: mezzo

A

medium

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9
Q

dynamics: subito

A

suddenly

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10
Q

dynamics: crescendo

A

growing

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11
Q

dynamics: decrescendo, diminuendo

A

diminishing

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12
Q

tone color / timbre

A

the quality of a sound that distinguishes one voice or instrument from another

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13
Q

overtones

A

secondary vibration in a sound-producing body, which contributes to the tone color

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14
Q

musical instruments

A
  • size matters
  • four groups: strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion
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15
Q

string instruments

A

bowed and plucked instruments whose sound is produced by the vibration of one or more strings
- aka chordophone

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16
Q

string instrument
- violin

A

soprano, or highest-ranged, member of the ___ instrument family
- 30 to 36 in orchestra

17
Q

string instrument
- viola

A

___ instrument of middle range; the second-highest member of the violin family
- 12 in orchestra

18
Q

string instrument
- cello

A

___ instrument with a middle-to-low range and dark, right sonority; lower than a viola
- 10 to 12 in orchestra
- aka violoncello

19
Q

string instrument
- double bass

A

largest and lowest-pitched member of the ___ family
- 8 in orchestra
- aka contrabass or bass viol

20
Q

string instrument
- harp

A

plucked-string instrument, triangular in shape with strings perpendicular to the soundboard

21
Q

woodwind

A

instrumental family made of wood or metal whose tone is produced by a column of air vibrating within a pipe that has holes along its length

22
Q

woodwinds
- flute

A

soprano-range ___ instrument, usually made of metal and held horizontally
- 2 in orchestra

23
Q

woodwinds
- piccolo

A

smallest ___ instrument, similar to the flute but sounding an octave higher
- 1 in orchestra

24
Q

woodwinds
- recorder

A

end-blown ___ instrument with a whistle mouthpiece, generally associated with early music

25
Q

woodwinds
- clarinet

A

single-reed ___ instrument with a wide range of sizes
- 2 clarinet and 1 bss clarinet in orchestra

26
Q

woodwinds
- oboe

A

soprano-range, double reed ___ instrument
- 2 in orchestra

27
Q

woodwinds
- english horn

A

double-reed ___ instrument, larger and lower in range than the oboe
- 1 in orchestra

28
Q

woodwinds
- saxophone

A

family of single-reed ___ instruments, commonly used in wind and jazz bands

29
Q

brass

A

wind instrument with a cup-shaped mouthpiece, a tube that flares into a bell, and slides or valves to vary the pitch. most often made of brass or silver

30
Q

brass
- trumpet

A

highest pitched ____ instrument that changes pitch by means of valves
- 2 in orchestra

31
Q

brass
- french horn

A

medium-range valved ___ instrument that be played “stopped” with the hand as well as open
- 4 in orchestra

32
Q

brass
- trombone

A

tenor-range ___ instrument that changes pitch by means of valves
- 2 in orchestra

33
Q

brass
- tuba

A

bass-range ___ instrument that changes pitch by means of valves
- 1 in orchestra

34
Q

brass
- other bass

A

cornet and flugelhorn (looks like trumpets), euphonium, baritone horn, saxhorn (btw french horn and tuba), sousaphone (bass tuba names after John Phillip Sousa) and bugle (no valve or piston - few pitches)

35
Q

percussion

A

made of metal, wood, stretch skin, or other material that is made to sound by striking, shaking, scraping, or plucking

36
Q

percussion
- timpani

A

___ instrument consisting of a hemispheric copper shell with a head of plastic or calfskin, held in place by a metal ring and played with soft or hard padded sticks. a pedal mechanism changes with the tension of the head, and with it the pitch
- aka kettledrum

37
Q

percussion
- pitched percussion

A

scale instruments capable of playing melodies; struck with sticks or hammers

music exam 1 (2 decks)

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