Chapter 3 Cognitive Neuroscience

Question 1

Forebrain

Answer 1

Region of the brain located toward the top and front of the brain. Comprises the cerebral cortex, basal anglia, limbic system, the thalamus and the hypothalamus

Question 2

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 2

Outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres. Plays a vital role in our thinking and other mental processes

Question 3

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 3

controls thinking and sensing functions, voluntary movement

Question 4

Pituitary gland

Answer 4

Master gland of the endocrine system.

Question 5

Endocrine system

Answer 5

Made up of glands that produce and secrete hormones, chemical substances produced in the body that regulate the activity of cells or organs. These hormones regulate the body’s growth, metabolism (the physical and chemical processes of the body), and sexual development and function.

Question 6

Amygdala

Answer 6

Influences anger and aggression

Question 7

Basal Ganglia

Answer 7

Collections of neurons crucial to motor function

Question 8

Corpus callosum

Answer 8

Relays information between the two cerebral hemispheres

Question 9

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 9

controls thinking and sensing functions, voluntary movement

Question 10

Septum

Answer 10

Influences anger and fear

Question 11

Hippocampus

Answer 11

Influences learning and memory

Question 12

Thalamus

Answer 12

relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex

Question 13

Hypothalamus

Answer 13

regulates temperature, eating, sleeping, and endocrine system

Question 14

Midbrain

Answer 14

Reticular activating system, carries messages about sleep and arousal

Question 15

Pons

Answer 15

Relays information between cerebral cortex and cerebellum

Question 16

Cerebellum

Answer 16

Coordinates fine muscle movement, balance

Question 17

Medulla

Answer 17

Regulates heartbeat, breathing

Question 18

Spinal Cord

Answer 18

Relays nerve impulses between brain and body, controls simple reflexes

Question 19

Deficits in the basal ganglia

Answer 19

Tremors, Involuntary movements, changes in posture and muscle tone, and slowness of movement; observed in Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s Disease

Question 20

Limbic system

Answer 20

important to emotion, motivation, memory, and learning; helps us adapt our behaviors flexibly in response to the changing environment

Question 21

Parts of Cerebral Structures in the Limbic System

Answer 21

Septum, Amygdala, and the Hippocampus

Question 22

Septum

Answer 22

Involved in anger and fear

Question 23

Amygdala

Answer 23

plays an important role in emotion and in anger and aggression.

Question 24

Damage to the Amygdala

Answer 24

Results in maladaptive lack of fear; lesions prevent the enhancing effect of the perception of emotional stimuli; visual agnosia, and hypersexuality

Question 25

Hippocampus

Answer 25

plays an essential role in memory formation.