Chapter 3 - General

Question 1

Node

Answer 1

A node is binary-branching if it has two immediate constituents (i.e. if it has two constituents branching down immediately beneath it) – or, to use more familiar kinship terminology, if it is the mother of two daughters. Each node in the tree (which are the points in the tree that carry a category label like N, V, T‘, PP, CP, etc.) represents a different constituent of the sentence. There are as many different constituents in any given phrase marker as there are nodes carrying category labels.

Question 2

Terminal node

Answer 2

A terminal node is one at the foot/bottom of a tree (i.e. one which does not branch down into any other node): consequently, the V-trying, T-to, V-help and PRN-you are the terminal nodes in the tree.

Question 3

Headedness Principle

Answer 3

Every non-terminal node in a syntactic structure is a projection of a head lexical item.

Question 4

Binarity Principle

Answer 4

Every non-terminal node in a syntactic structure is binary-branching.

Question 5

Extended Projection Principle or EPP

Answer 5

This principle specifies that a tense constituent T must be extended into a TP projection containing a subject.

Question 6

Types of projections (AGREGAR FOTO)

Maximal projection
Intermediate projection
Head/Minimal projection

Answer 6

C is a maximal projection if: C does not have a mother with the same head as C
C is an intermediate projection if: C has a mother and a daughter with the same head as C
C is a head or minimal projection if: C has no daughter

Question 7

Root node

Answer 7

The node at the very top of the tree.

Question 8

P-marker

Answer 8

A graph (a tree diagram) comprising a set of points (nodes), connected by branches (solid lines) that represent containment relations (meaning that they tell us which constituents contain or are contained within other constituents).

Question 9

Anaphor binding condition

Answer 9

An anaphor must be bound by a local antecedent which c-commands the anaphor. Where an anaphor has no antecedent to bind it, the resulting structure is ungrammatical.

Question 10

Clausemate antecedent

Answer 10

An antecedent contained within the same clause/TP as the reflexive. CORREFERENTIAL = COINDEXED

Question 11

Specifier-Head Linearization Condition/SHLC:

Answer 11

Specifiers precede their head.

Question 12

Head-Complement Linearization Condition/HCLC:

Answer 12

Heads precede their complements.

Question 13

The UG principle

Answer 13

It states that all syntactic operations are structure-dependent; all syntactic operations are sensitive to hierarchical and not linear structure.