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A & P > Chapter 3 - Pathology > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Pathology Flashcards

0
Q

What is Disease?

A

Abnormally functioning organs or organ systems taking away from Homeostasis.

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1
Q

What is Pathology?

A

The study of disease.

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2
Q

What is Malaise?

A

Feeling of general discomfort.

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3
Q

What is Predisposing Factor?

A

Something that makes you more likely to get a disease.

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4
Q

What are the predisposing factors that are NOT controlled?

A

Age, gender, heredity

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5
Q

What are the predisposing factors that ARE controlled?

A

Lifestyle & environment.

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6
Q

Why are the elderly more susceptible to disease?

A

Their organ systems are less efficient.

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7
Q

Why are children more susceptible to disease?

A

Partially developed immune systems.

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8
Q

What are the 3 classifications of disease for children?

A

Congenital disorders (present @ birth), Genetic disorders (inherited genes) & Developmental disorders (may interrupt normal development)

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9
Q

Why is Gender a predisposing factor?

A

Some diseases affect only males or only females due to differences in anatomy. (Prostate vs Uterin Cancers)

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10
Q

What is Heredity?

A

Combination of the genetic codes from both parents.

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11
Q

What are some examples of a Lifestyle Factor?

A

Smoking, diet

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12
Q

What are some examples of an Environment Factor?

A

Polluted air/water, chronic stress, poor & unsanitary conditions, contaminated food.

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13
Q

What is a Symptom?

A

Subjective. As told by the patient. (Headache, nausea)

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14
Q

What is a Sign?

A

Objective signal. Can be seen or tested. (Rash, fever)

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15
Q

What is Pain?

A

Defense mechanism to tell you when there’s a problem.

16
Q

What is the Pain Scale?

A

Let’s patients rate their degree or pain.

17
Q

What is Inflammation?

A

The body’s normal immune response to injury & disease.

18
Q

What are some symptoms of inflammation?

A

Redness, heat, swelling, & pain.

19
Q

What are the categories of disease?

A

Infection, cancers, immune, genetic, mental, & conditions caused by trauma or injury.

20
Q

What are Infectious Diseases?

A

Caused by pathogens that damage local tissue (STDs, flu)

21
Q

What are Cancers?

A

Uncontrollable cell growth & proliferation from neoplasms (tumors)

22
Q

What are the categories of cancers?

A

Carcinomas (epithelial tissue), Sarcomas (connective tissue/muscle), Lymphomas (lymphoid tissues), Luekemia (blood-forming tissues: red bone marrow)

23
Q

What are the 3 Immune Disorders?

A

Hypersensitivities, Immunodeficiency, & Autoimmune.

24
Q

What are Hypersensitivities?

A

Over reaction of the immune system to an allergen.

25
Q

What is Anaphylaxis?

A

A severe, systematic reaction that can cause tightening of the airway.

26
Q

What are Immunodeficiency Disorders?

A

Deficiency in the immune systems ability to defend the body (HIV & AIDS)

27
Q

What are Autoimmune Disorders?

A

Inability of the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self. Attacks own cells.

28
Q

How are Genetic Disorders characterized?

A

Abnormalities caused by mutation in the genetic code, presence of abnormal chromosomes, & alteration of chromosomal structure.

29
Q

What are Mental Disorders?

A

Class of conditions of the mind. Include disorders associated with behavior or psychological well-being. (Various etiologies causes)

30
Q

What is Trauma?

A

A wound or shock produced by an injury.

31
Q

What is a Diagnosis?

A

Interpretation of all the data collected or the process of determining the cause/nature of a problem.

32
Q

What is a Differential Diagnosis?

A

Used when there is more than one disease that might be responsible for the patient’s condition.

33
Q

What are the 4 types of treatment?

A

Palliative: make patient comfy
Curative: treatment to cure disease
Therapeutic: restore normal function
Preventative: steps taken to keep a disease from happening.

34
Q

What is Epidemiology?

A

Study of how disease affects the overall health & well-being of a population.

35
Q

What is Incidence (of a disease)?

A

Rate & range of the occurrence of the disease.

36
Q

What is Prevalence (of a disease?

A

How widespread the occurrence of the disease may be.

37
Q

What does Epidemiology do?

A

Determines the direction of pharmaceutical research

Determines the direction of treatment by health care professionals.

38
Q

What are a couple Chronic Diseases?

A

Heart disease, cancer, stroke.

A & P (2 decks)

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