Chapter 3 terms

Question 1

micro

Answer 1

10^ -6

Question 2

nano

Answer 2

10^ -9

Question 3

milli

Answer 3

10^ -3

Question 4

resolving power

Answer 4

RP= wavelength (lambda)/ 2 (Numerical Aperture)

Question 5

total magnification

Answer 5

TM= ocular power x objective power

Note: ocular power is usually x10

Question 6

brightfield microscope

Answer 6

A type of light microscope that uses white light for the image, field is bright, and specimen appears dark

Question 7

darkfield microscope

Answer 7

A type of light microscope where a disc is inserted into a condenser. The result of a light organism on a dark background.

Question 8

phase contrast microscope

Answer 8

Uses the cycles of lightwaves to provide crisper images when the lightwaves are in phase, cells are bright against a dark background. Brings diffracted and undiffracted rays intro focus to increase contrast.

Question 9

magnification

Answer 9

The ability to enlarge an image

Question 10

resolution

Answer 10

The ability to see fine detail- two separate points that are seen as separate

Question 11

compound microscope

Answer 11

A microscope with two sets of lenses

Question 12

focal point

Answer 12

Where light rays passing through the lens converge to form an image

Question 13

parfocal

Answer 13

Lens should remain in focus as you move from a lower to a higher magnification

Question 14

field of vision

Answer 14

Area seen through the ocular lens

Question 15

fluorescent microscope

Answer 15

Uses UV as a light source, detects organisms that are naturally able to fluoresce in the presence of UV light.

Question 16

transmission electron microscope

Answer 16

An electron microscope that enables the viewer to view the inner components of an organism

Question 17

scanning electron microscope

Answer 17

An electron microscope that enables the viewer to view the surface of an organism

Question 18

chromophores

Answer 18

Colored ions in stains

Question 19

basic dyes

Answer 19

Color is in a cation (positive ion)

Result: inside of organism is stained because the cell membranes of bacteria are negatively charged, opposites attract

Question 20

acidic dyes

Answer 20

Color is in an anion (negative ion)

Result: background of the organism is stained because the cell membranes of bacteria are negatively charged, like repels

Question 21

simple stain

Answer 21

Uses a single dye to stain the organism

Question 22

mordant

Answer 22

Used in the staining process to make the dye stick

Question 23

positive stain

Answer 23

Uses a basic dye to stain the organism

Question 24

negative stain

Answer 24

Uses an acidic dye to stain the background of the organism

Question 25

differential stain

Answer 25

Stain that uses more than one dye

Question 26

coccus

Answer 26

Round

Question 27

bacillus

Answer 27

Rod-shaped

Question 28

diplo

Answer 28

Pair of two bacteria

Question 29

staphylo

Answer 29

Cluster of bacteria

Question 30

strepto

Answer 30

Chain of bacteria

Question 31

vibrio

Answer 31

Type of spiral bacteria that looks like a crescent moon

Question 32

spirillum

Answer 32

Type of spiral bacteria that looks like wavy hair

Question 33

spirochete

Answer 33

Type of spiral bacteria that looks like curly hair