Chapter 3 – The Brain

Question 0

Neurons

Answer 0

Cells that receive, send, and process signals

Question 1

Brain

Answer 1

“The psychological organ;” mental processing; mental experiences; potentially most complex object in the universe

Question 2

Nervous system

Answer 2

Senses environment and controls our functioning in that environment

Question 3

Sensory neuron

Answer 3

Respond to input

Question 4

Motor neurons

Answer 4

Send signals to the brain

Question 5

Interneurons

Answer 5

Between sensory and motor neurons

Most of brain neurons are these ones

Question 6

Neural sequence (3 types of neurons)

Answer 6

Sensory -> internuerons -> motor

Question 7

Dendrites

Answer 7

Receive information from other neurons/environment

Question 8

Nucleus

Answer 8

Controls all the functions of the cell and ______

Question 9

Cell body

Answer 9

Controls cell’s metabolic activities and integrates input

Question 10

Metabolic

Answer 10

Burning of producing energy

Question 11

Myelin Sheath

Answer 11

A protective fatty layer that helps conducts signals sent down the axon. (Outside of cells)

Question 12

Terminal Buttons

Answer 12

Release chemicals into the space between neurons when the triggers is released. (Ends)

Question 13

Schwann cells

Answer 13

A type of glial cell that insulates neurons axons

Individual links

Question 14

Insulates

Answer 14

Protect

Question 15

Axon

Answer 15

Conducts the nerve impulse away from the cell body (whole chain of cells)

Question 16

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 16

Propels electrical impulses (link Schwann cells)

Question 17

Neural transmissions

Answer 17

Signal that is sent along neurons

Question 18

Resting potential

Answer 18

Negative charge within a neuron when it’s @ rest<(before it fires).

Question 19

Action potential

Answer 19

When neurons FIRE!

Question 20

Synaptic Gap

Answer 20

Gap between buttons and dendrites where chemical neural transmissions travel across.

Question 21

Describe action potential process.

Answer 21

Na(+) shoots across Cl+K(-) resting axon.
As Na(+) passes over and makes axon (+), the axon kicks out K to help return the axon to (-) resting.

Question 22

Describe the transfer of chemical neural transmissions.

Answer 22

Transmissions travel with in a vesicles to outside of buttons.
Vesicles press against button membrane.
Vesicle membrane fuses with button membrane.
Chemicals empty out into synaptic gap.
Chemicals float to receptors of Dendrites.
Vesicles membranes fuse with button and become button membrane.

Question 23

Cerebral cortex

Answer 23

The outermost layer of the brain; controls high level mental processes such as thought

Question 24

Fissure

Answer 24

A depression marking off a section of the cerebral cortex

Question 25

Corpus callosum

Answer 25

A large bundle of nerve fibers that transfer information from one half of the cerebral cortex to the other

Question 26

Hemisphere

Answer 26

One half of the cerebral cortex; each half controls the opposite side of the body

Question 27

Frontal lobe

Answer 27

Division of the cerebral cortex that contains the motor strip, prefrontal area, and frontal association area.

Question 28

Parietal lobe

Answer 28

Division of the cerebral cortex that contains the sensory strip

Question 29

Motor Strip

Answer 29

Band running down the side of the frontal lobe that controls all bodily movements (motor functions)

Question 30

Sensory strip

Answer 30

Band that runs down parietal that registers and provides all sensations

Question 31

Occipital lobe

Answer 31

Division of the cerebral cortex that interprets visual information

Question 32

Temporal lobe

Answer 32

Division that is responsible for hearing and some speech

Question 33

Prefrontal area

Answer 33

Part of the frontal lobe that helps us to reexperience past events

Question 34

Frontal association area

Answer 34

Part of the frontal lobe that engages in elaborate associations or mental connection; it plays an important part in integrating personality and in forming complex thoughts

Question 35

Dominance

Answer 35

Control; either the right or left hemisphere of the central cortex is dominant in each individual; hence, one of them is preferred and controls the majority of actions performed

Question 36

Lower brain

Answer 36

Part of the brain common to animals and humans that regulates basic functions such as breathing

Question 37

Thalamus

Answer 37

Route signals to proper areas of the brain (central relay station)

Question 38

Hypothalamus

Answer 38

Regulates basic needs (hunger/thirst) and emotions (pleasure, fear, rage, sexuality)

Question 39

Limbic system

Answer 39

Lower brain area who structures are involved in basic emotions and memory (hypothal, Amyg, hippo, pituitary, pineal)

Question 40

Amygdala

Answer 40

Limbic system structure involved in emotion (specifically anger)

Question 41

Hippocampus

Answer 41

Limbic system structure involved in “forming” memories

Question 42

Cerebellum

Answer 42

Part of lower brain that coordinates and organizes bodily movements for balance and accuracy

Question 43

Reticular activating system

Answer 43

The alertness control center of the brain that regulates the activity level of the body; also called the reticular formation

Question 44

Synapse

Answer 44

The junction point of two or more neurons; a connection is made by neurotransmitters

Question 45

Acetylcholine

Answer 45

Neurotransmitter that regulates basic body processes such as movement

Question 46

Dopamine

Answer 46

Transmitter involved in the control of bodily movements

Question 47

Endorphins

Answer 47

Neurotransmitters that relieve pain and increase our sense of well-being

Question 48

Pineal gland

Answer 48

Produces hormones that affect the modulation of wake/sleep patterns and seasonal functions