Chapter 3 - The Central Nervous System

Question 0

Resting membrane potential

Answer 0

• the constant membrane potential present in the cells of non excitable tissues, and those of excitable tissues when they are at rest

Question 1

Membrane potential

Answer 1

• a separation of charges across the membrane - a difference in the relative number of cations and anions in the ICF and the ECF - specifically, he difference in charges along the thin layer of membrane

Question 2

K+ equilibrium potential

Answer 2

• When a large concentration gradient for K+ still exists, but no more net movement of K+ would occur out of the cell down this concentration gradient because of exactly equal opposing electrical gradient - -90mV

Question 3

Na+ equilibrium potential

Answer 3

• +60mV - when net inward movement of Na+ stops because of opposing electrical and concentration gradient

Question 4

Temporomandibular joint

Answer 4

• complex multiaxial articulation btwn the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone and the condylar process of the mandible

Question 5

Lateral ligament

Answer 5

• thick lateral portion of the articular capsule of the TMJ

Question 6

Stylomandibular ligament

Answer 6

• TMJ ligament extending from the stylish process to the posterior margin of the angle of the mandibular ramus

Question 7

Sphenomandibular ligament

Answer 7

• ligament of the TMJ - extends from the sphenoidal spine to the medial surface of the mandibular ramus - insertion covers the posterior portion of the mylohyoid line

Question 8

Intervertebral discs

Answer 8

• Pads of fibrous cartilage separating and cushioning he vertebrae

Question 9

Anulus fibrosus

Answer 9

• tough outer layer of cartilage surrounding the inner portion of the vertebral disc

Question 10

Nucleus pulposus

Answer 10

• inner portion of the vertebral disc - composed primarily of water - soft, elastic and gelatinous - gives the disc resiliency and enables it to act as a shock absorber

Question 11

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 11

• connects the anterior surface of each vertebral body

Question 12

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 12

• parallels the anterior longitudinal ligament, but passes across the posterior surfaces of each body

Question 13

Interspinous ligament

Answer 13

• connects the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae

Question 14

Supra spinous ligament

Answer 14

• interconnects the tips of the spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum