Chapter 3/Tutorial

Question 1

Emotional/Behaviour Consequences

Answer 1

• 2009 GSS reports that overwhelming majority of people in Canada (93%) feel safe from crime
• Majority of Canadians (60%) feel their neighbourhood is safer than other neighbourhoods

Question 2

Vulnerability Conversion

Answer 2

• Some individuals do become fearful of crime, and may go through process known as vulnerability conversion
• Feel they are more susceptible to the dangers of life than they thought
• Being the victim of a serious (especially “random”) crime can cause people to re-evaluate their notions about the world making sense, or life being fair
• Victims may feel weak and helpless, and even start to blame themselves
• Having home broken into is tantamount to invasion of privacy
• May suffer additional distress if personal possessions to which they are emotionally attached are stolen or damaged

Question 3

Avoidance Behaviours

Answer 3

• Steps people take to distance themselves from situations they perceive to be dangerous
• Moving to new neighbourhood or staying away from downtown core, especially at night

Question 4

Defensive Behaviours

Answer 4

• Precautionary measures people take to reduce risks of being victimized
• Getting a guard dog, installing a burglar alarm system in their home-defending their personal space

Question 5

The Crime Funnel

Answer 5

• Large amount of undetected, unreported crime
• Most crime (two-thirds) not reported to police
• Police do not record all reported crime

Few crimes actually result in federal sentences to penitentiaries

Question 6

Victimology and Criminology

Answer 6

• Victimology

• emerging discipline
• study of victims
• victim-centered approach
• data collected from victimization surveys (GSS)

• Criminology

• established discipline
• study of criminals
• offender-centered approach
• data collected from police-report survey

Question 7

Who are the victims?cont

Answer 7

• Primary victims = most easy to identify because they are directly affected and often physically injured as a result of event
• Secondary victims = witnesses and bystanders, who may be psychologically traumatized by witnessing the event
• Tertiary victims = family members and friends who were not present at the event, but who may be saddened or worried about primary victim (or worried about their own well being)

Who are the Victims? cont.
• Primary victims are referred to as direct victims/actual victims because they were involved in the event, and suffered actual harm as a consequence
• Secondary and tertiary victims are referred to as indirect victims/vicarious victims, because they were not personally involved in the event, and did not suffer direct harm as a consequence

Question 8

Strobl’s self and other victim classification

Answer 8

Other regard individual as Victim + Individual regards himself as victim= Actual Victim
Others Regard individual as victim + Individual does not regard himself as victim= Designated victim

Others do not regard individual as victim + Individual Regards himself as victim= Rejected Victim
Others do not regard individual as victim+ Individual does not regard himself as victim= Non-Victim