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Intro To Sociolgy > Chapter 3 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Vocab Flashcards

0
Q

George Ritzer reflects that the imperialistic ambitions of nations, corporations, and organizations and their desire to impose themselves on various societies and cultures.

A

Grobalization

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1
Q

The interdependence of the global and the local, resulting in standardized values producing unique outcomes in different geographical areas and other cultural settings.

A

Glocalization

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2
Q

People who live in a specific geographic territory, interact with one another, and share many elements of a common culture.

A

Society

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3
Q

A process in which societies grow more complex in terms of technology, social structure, and cultural knowledge over time

A

Sociocultural Evolution

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4
Q

A society in which people make their living by hunting, collecting wild foods, and fishing with simple technologies

A

Hunting-gathering society

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5
Q

A society that depends on domestic animals for its livelihood.

A

Pastoral Society

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6
Q

A society in which hand tools are used to grow domesticated crops

A

Horticultural society

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7
Q

A society that depends on crops raised with plows, draft animals, and intensive agricultural methods

A

Agrarian society

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8
Q

A society that relies on machines and advanced technology to produce and distribute food, information, goods. and services

A

Industrial society

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9
Q

A society where device industries and the manufacture of information and knowledge dominate the economy

A

Postindustrial society

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10
Q

The learned set of beliefs, values, norms, and material goods shared by group members

A

culture

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11
Q

Artifacts, art, architecture, and other tangible goods that people create and assign meanings

A

material culture

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12
Q

Mental blueprints that serve as guidelines for group behavior

A

nonmaterial culture

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13
Q

Anything to which group members assign meaning

A

symbol

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14
Q

A complex system of symbols with conventional meaning that people use for communication

A

Language

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15
Q

Assertions about the nature of reality

A

beliefs

16
Q

Shared ideas about what is socially desirable

A

values

17
Q

Expectations and rules for proper conduct that guide behavior of group members

A

norms

18
Q

Informal rules and expectations that guide peoples’ everyday behavior

A

Folkways

19
Q

Salient norms that people consider essential to the proper working society

A

Mores

20
Q

Formal rules enacted and enforced by the power of the state, which apply to members of society

A

Laws

21
Q

Prohibitions against behaviors that most members of a group consider to be so repugnant they are unthinkable

A

Taboos

22
Q

Penalties or rewards society uses to encourage conformity and punish deviance

A

Sanctions

23
Q

Feelings of confusion and disorientation that occur when a person encounters a very different culture

A

Culture shock

24
Q

The tendency to evaluate the customs of other groups according to one’s own cultural standards

A

Ethnocentrism

25
Q

A perspective that asks that we evaluate other cultures according to their standards, not ours.

A

Cultural Relativism

26
Q

Groups that share many elements of mainstream culture but maintain their own distinctive customs, values, norms, and lifestyles

A

Subcultures

27
Q

Groups that reject the conventional wisdom and standard of behavior of the majority and provide alternatives to mainstream culture

A

Countercultures

28
Q

A movement that encourages respect and appreciation for cultural differences

A

Multiculturalism

29
Q

The belief that European cultures have contributed the most to human knowledge and are superior to all others

A

Eurocentrism

30
Q

The perspective that emphasizes the preeminence of African and African American culture in human development

A

Afrocentrism

31
Q

What people should do according to group norms and values

A

Ideal Culture

32
Q

What people do in everyday social interaction

A

Real Culture

33
Q

Inconsistencies in a cultural system, especially in the relationship between technology and nonmaterial culture

A

Cultural lag

34
Q

An approach that examines the relationship between a culture and its total environment

A

Cultural ecological approach

35
Q

The domination of cultural industries by elite group

A

Cultural Hegemony

Intro To Sociolgy (4 decks)

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