Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

pathophysiology > chapter 30: respiratory tract infections > Flashcards

chapter 30: respiratory tract infections Flashcards

1
Q

in hypoxic drive, __ (CO2/O2) levels must be high in order to stimulate breathing

A

CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why can’t a person with COPD breathe with normal O2 levels?

A

copd pts have chronically elevated CO2 levels, and the chemoreceptors for CO2 do not respond to the high CO2 levels. therefore their stimulus for oxygen MUST be low (<95%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fatigue, lethargy, muscle weakness, and acid-base imbalance are __ of lung disorders

A

s/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

fatigue and lethargy are the result of __ levels

A

low O2 –> low ATP production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the body compensates for low O2 levels by __ and __

A

tachycardia (speeding up heart rate); chronic hypoxia (developing secondary polycythemia due to low O2 in the kidneys, which stimulates the release of erythropietin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

__ the volume of inhaled air delivered to the alveoli that receives no blood flow

A

alveolar dead space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pulmonary embolism, hyperinflation of the alveoli, and decreased cardiac output __ alveolar dead space

A

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

anatomical dead space + alveolar dead pace = __

A

physiologic dead space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

in a healthy individual, the anatomic dead space will be __ (greater than/less than/equal to) physiologic dead space

A

equal to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the common cold, rhinosinusitis, and influenza are __ (lower respiratory/upper respiratory) viruses in adults

A

upper respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

people between the ages of 5 and 40 are susceptible to this virus

A

rhinovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

children <3yo are susceptible to this virus

A

parainfluenza virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

children <3yo in the winter and spring are most susceptible to this virus

A

respiratory syncytial virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

this virus occurs during the winter and spring and affects any age

A

coronavirus and adenovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

__ is an infection or allergy that obstructs sinus drainage (sinus infections)

A

rhinosinusitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

__ (acute/chronic) rhinosinusitis shows these symptoms:
facial pain
headache
purulent nasal discharge
decreased sense of smell
fever

A

acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

__ (acute/chronic) rhinosinusitis shows these symptoms:
nasal obstruction
fullness in ears
postnasal drip
hoarseness
chronic cough
loss of taste and smell
unpleasant breath
headache

A

chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

influenza is transmitted by __

A

air or direct contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

__ people die/year due to influenza

A

36,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

__ is an upper respiratory infection

A

influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

__ can be identified by having a fever, tachypnea, tachycardia, cyanosis, and hypotension

A

viral pneumonia

22
Q

inflammation of the alveoli and bronchioles is called __

A

pneumonia

23
Q

a viral respiratory infection can become bacterial because __

A

it becomes suppressed as the immune system fights it off

24
Q

the two types of pneumonia are __ and __

A

typical; atypical

25
Q

__ (typical/atypical) bacteria in the alveoli

A

typical

26
Q

__ (typical/atypical) pathogens in interstitium

A

atypical

27
Q

there are 3 subtypes of typical pneumonia, which are __, __, and __

A

lobar; broncho; pneumococcal

28
Q

__ (lobar/broncho/pneumococcal) pneumonia affects an entire lobe of the lung

A

lobar

29
Q

__ (lobar/broncho/pneumococcal) pneumonia produces a patchy distribution over more than one lobe

A

bronchopneumonia

30
Q

__ (lobar/broncho/pneumococcal) pneumonia is the most common bacterial pneumonia

A

pneumococcal

31
Q

atypical pneumonia can be identified by __, __, __, and __

A

unproductive cough; lack of consolidation; decrease in lung defenses (predisposed to bacterial infections); fever, headache, muscle aches

32
Q

malaise, chills and fever, and crackle sounds are __ of systemic inflammation

A

signs

33
Q

infection
|
inflammation
|
serous exudate (>congestion: productive cough
|
fibrous/purulent cellular exudate: red tinged sputum –> consolidation

IF WBCS OVERCOME INFECTION
|
wbcs denature hgb
|
wbcs destroy proteins and liquefy exudate: reabsorbed into circulation
|
resolution

these are steps of __

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

34
Q

__ is the world’s foremost cause of death from a single infectious agent

A

tb

35
Q

__ is aerobic, has a protective waxy capsule, and can stay alive in “suspended animation” for years

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis hominis

36
Q

in an active immune system, the macrophages phagocytize the pathogens and surround them resulting in the formation of a __

A

ghon focus

37
Q

a ghon focus is comprised of __, __, and __

A

macrophages; t cells; inactive and ALIVE tb bacteria

38
Q

__ is the first time you are exposed to the bacteria and turns into latent tb, IF NOT IMMUNOCOMPROMISED

A

primary tuberculosis

39
Q

__ the first time you are exposed to the tb bacteria and immediately get sick bc you are immunocompromised

A

primary progressive tb

40
Q

__ when the tb bacteria are inactive and alive

A

latent tb

41
Q

__ is when the person has latent tb and then becomes immunocompromised

A

secondary tb

42
Q

the __ has nodules in lung tissue and lymph nodes. caseous necrosis found in nodules. visible on x-rays

A

ghon complex

43
Q

tuberculin test and chest x-rays are used to diagnose __ (primary/active) infection

A

primary

44
Q

chest x-rays and sputum cultures are used to diagnose __ (primary/active) infections

A

active

45
Q

administering multiple drugs and 6mo-1yr (long term treatment) are __ for tb infections

A

treatments

46
Q

after __ (2/3/4/6) months of treatment, bacteria is absent from the sputum

A

2

47
Q

__ is seen in premature infants BEFORE producing surfactant

A

respiratory distress syndrome

48
Q

extrathoracic airways are also called __

A

upper airways

49
Q

__ have impaired inspiration, inspirational stridor

A

extrathoracic airways

50
Q

__ are the lower airways that have prolonged __ like wheezing

A

intrathoracic airways; expiration

pathophysiology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions