Chapter 31 Flashcards
One of many connected filaments that collectively make up the mycelium of a fungus
Hypha
A polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in fungal cell walls and in the exoskeleton of all arthropods
Chitin
The densely branched network of hypha a in a fungus
Mycelium
The cross-walls that divide a fungal hypha into cells. They generally have pores large enough to allow ribosomes, mitochondria, and even nuclei to flow from cell to cell
Septa
In certain symbiotic fungi, a specialized hypha that can penetrate the tissues of host organisms
Haustoria
A mutualistic association of plant roots and fungus
Mycorrhizae
A symbiotic fungus that forms sheaths of hyphae over the surface of plant roots and also grows into extra cellular spaces of the root cortex
Ectomycorrizal fungi
A symbiotic fungus whose hyphae grow through the the cell wall of plant roots and extend into the root cell (enclosed in tubes formed by invagination of the root cell plasma membrane)
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
In animals and fungi, a small molecule released into the environment that functions in communication between members of the same species. In animals, it acts much like a hormone in influencing physiology and behavior.
Pheromones
The fusion of the cytoplasm of cells from two individuals; occurs as onstage of syngamy (fertilization)
Plasmogamy
A fungal mycelium that contains two or more haploid nuclei per cell
Heterokaryon
Referring to a fungal mycelium with two haploid nuclei per cell, one from each parent
Dikaryotic
The fusion of two nuclei, as part of syngamy (fertilization)
Karyogamy
Informal term for a fungus that grows as a filamentous fungus, producing haploid spores by mitosis and forming a visible mycelium
Molds
Traditional classification for a fungus with no known sexual stage. When a sexual stage is discovered, the species is assigned to a phylum.
Deuteromycetes