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FORENSIC 1 > CHAPTER 4 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 4 Flashcards

1
Q

A disc of transparent glass generally bounded by two spherical surfaces capable of transforming an image.

A

Lens

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2
Q

The eye of the camera is also the heart of the camera.

A

Lens

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3
Q

A piece of transparent material made of glass or plastic with 2 opposite symmetrical surfaces or at least one curved surface.

A

Lens

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4
Q

composed of 1 lens.

A

Simple Lenses

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5
Q
  • A lens that is thicker at the middle than at the edge.
A

Convex Lens (converging lens/ positive lens)

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6
Q
  • It gathers light rays and refracts them to meet in a certain point.
A

Convex Lens (converging lens/ positive lens)

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7
Q
  • It is thicker at the edges than at the center; light rays passing through a diverging lens are vent outward.
A

Concave Lens (diverging/negative lens)

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8
Q
  • It consists of two or more simple lenses fitted together.
A

compound lenses

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9
Q
  • Simple lenses generally produce aberrated (imperfect) images which can be corrected using
A

compound lenses

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10
Q

is the largest opening of the diaphragm that the light can pass through.

A

Lens Speed

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11
Q
  • A lens with larger maximum aperture (that is, a smaller f-number) ; it delivers more light intensity to the focal plane
A

Fast Lens

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12
Q
  • A smaller maximum aperture (larger maximum f – number) ; it delivers less light intensity
A

Slow Lens

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13
Q
  • This refers to the lens that is focused on an object at infinity, the distance from the lens to the nearest object in sharp focus
A

Hyperfocal Distance

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14
Q
  • This refers to the distance from the optical center of the lens to the focal plane, when the lens is focused on infinity.
A

Focal Plane

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15
Q
  • This refers to the distance so far away that rays are considered parallel when they reach the camera.
A

Infinity

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16
Q
  • This refers to the point of convergence of the light rays.
A

Real Focus

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17
Q
  • This refers to the point where diverging rays would meet if their directions were reversed.
A

Virtual Focus

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18
Q
  • The distance between the lens (technically from its rear nodal point) and the focal plane when the lens is focused on infinity.
A

Focal Length

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19
Q
  • The size of the image formed by the lens.
A

Magnification

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20
Q
  • The amount of the scene shown on a given size of film.
A

Angle of view

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21
Q
  • A lens with a focal length equal to the diagonal measure of the image area.
A

Standard or Normal Lens

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22
Q
  • Lenses with focal lengths from 45 to 60 millimeters
A

Standard or Normal Lens

23
Q

produce an image that is approximately the same with the view angle of the human eye which is 45 degrees.

A

Standard or Normal Lens

24
Q

Standard or Normal Lens

A

Short – focal – lens or Wide Angle Lens

25
Q
  • It enables photographing a widely extended scene from a close proximity or within a confined area.
A

Short – focal – lens or Wide Angle Lens

26
Q
  • A lens with extreme wide angle.
A

Fish Eye Lens

27
Q
  • Lens with longer focal length that constrict the field of view and decrease the depth of field while greatly magnifying the image.
A

Long or Telephoto Lens or Narrow Angle

28
Q
  • A special type of camera lens with variable focal length which can be adjusted continuously by the movement of the variable focus lens.
A

Zoom Lens

29
Q
  • This lens allows quick adjustment to give a wider or narrower field of vision but keeping the image in focus.
A

Zoom Lens

30
Q
  • Allows the photographer to get close to the subject without the need of special close – up attachment.
A

Macro Lens

31
Q

This refers to the use of a macro lens or a special lens attachment when taking close – up shots.

A

Close – up Shots

32
Q

This refers to simple close – up attachment fitting between the lens and the SLR camera body.

A

Extension Ring

33
Q
  • This refers to lens that allows photography of objects that is very tall, without the problem of converging verticals; this occurs when the side of the subjects taper toward the top of the picture.
A

Shift of Perspective Control Lens

34
Q

The lens is moved upward but kept parallel to the film

A

Shift

35
Q
  • The failure of light rays to focus properly after they pass through a lens or reflect from a mirror.
A

Aberration

36
Q
  • The minute variations in lenses and mirrors, and because different parts of the light spectrum are reflected or refracted by varying amounts.
A

Aberration

37
Q
  • The focusing at different points of light rays passing through different parts of spherical lens.
A

Spherical aberration

38
Q
  • This aberration occurs because light hitting the outer parts of the lens is bent more sharply and comes to a focus sooner than that passing through the middle.
A

Spherical aberration

39
Q
  • The failure of different colored light rays to focus after passing through a lens.
A

Chromatic aberration

40
Q
  • The focusing of light of different colors at different points resulting in a blurred image.
A

Chromatic aberration

41
Q
  • The inability of the lens to bring horizontal and vertical lines in the subject to the same plane of focus in the image.
A

Astigmatism

42
Q

occurs at the edge of the image; the image appears elliptical or cross-shaped because of an irregularity in the curvature of the lens.

A

Astigmatism

43
Q
  • It occurs when light falling obliquely on the lens and passing through different circular zones is brought to a focus at different distances from the film plane.
A

Coma

44
Q
  • A spot of light appears to have a tail, rather like a comet.
A

Coma

45
Q
  • The plane of sharpest focus becomes curved, not flat.
A

Curvature of Field

46
Q
  • It is caused by rays from the outer limits of the subject plane coming to focus nearer to the lens than the axial rays.
A

Curvature of Field

47
Q

causes the image of a straight line, at the edges of the field to bow in or out.

A

Distortion

48
Q

two types of Distortion

A

a. Pincushion distortion
b. Barrel distortion

49
Q
  • A result of double reflection from inner lens surfaces.
A

Flare or Optical Flare

50
Q
  • It exhibits self as a misty hazy or cloudy semi circular path of light.
A

Flare or Optical Flare

51
Q
  • Bright spot on the film caused by stray light from worn shiny parts of the lens such as the stops, shutter, lens mount or from inside the camera itself.
A

Mechanical Flare

52
Q
  • Most corrected lenses is coated with a substance which will reduce one type of flare (optical) and which will also increase the optic’s ability to transmit light, thus reducing light to loss.
A

Light Loss

53
Q
  • It can be reduced or eliminated by using the proper lens, shade places on the front of the lens or shield.
A

Stray Light

FORENSIC 1 (6 decks)

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