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Artic > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

0
Q

Overbite

A

Class II malocclusion

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1
Q

Normal bite

A

Normal occlusion

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2
Q

Underbite

A

class III malocclusion

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3
Q

A child with the receded lower jaw probably has what kind of malocclusion?

A

Class II

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4
Q

A child with a protruded upper jaw probably has what type of Malocclusion?

A

Class II

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5
Q

A child with missing or misaligned teeth has what type of malocclusion?

A

Normal

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6
Q

A child with the receded upper jaw probably has what type of malocclusion?

A

Class III malocclusion

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7
Q

Dental Malocclusions found in normal speakers suggest that dental abnormalities are not exclusive causes of articulation disorders

A

True

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8
Q

Dental arch malocclusions themselves do not always cause articulation disorders

A

True

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9
Q

Missing teeth though they may be associated with higher frequency of misarticulations are neither sufficient or necessary to cause articulation disorders

A

True

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10
Q

A short lingual frenum

A

Ankyloglossia

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11
Q

Was believed to limit the tongue tip movement necessary to produce certain speech sounds

A

Ankyloglossia

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12
Q

There’s no evidence to suggest that ankyloglossia is a factor in a majority of children who misarticulate

A

True

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13
Q

The total or partial surgical removal of a diseased tongue

A

Glossectomy

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14
Q

Adults whose tongue has been partially surgically removed may still attain intelligible speech, though there may be errors of articulation, especially in producing fricatives and plosives.

A

True

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15
Q

What can result from clefts of the hard palate that are not surgically closed?

A

They can be expected to affect sound production

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16
Q

When are clefts of the hard palate usually closed?

A

Clefts of the hard palate are initially closed within the first two years of life with no significant permanent effects on articulation.

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17
Q

The soft palate or the velum is important for what parts in speech?

A

Articulation and resonance

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18
Q

A closure of the velopharyngeal port is necessary to prevent/ do what three things?

A
  1. To prevent unwanted nasal residence on oral sounds
  2. Maintain desirable oral resonance
  3. To build intraoral air pressure to produce certain consonants known as pressure consonants
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19
Q

What types of consonants are pressure consonants?

A

Fricatives, stops, and affricates

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20
Q

Difficulty in the closing the nasal port for the production of oral sounds

A

Velopharyngeal inadequacy

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21
Q

Why does velopharyngeal inadequacy make it difficult to build intraoral air pressure?

A

Because air leaks through the nasal cavity

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22
Q

The speaker tends to compensate for the velopharyngeal inadequacy by producing consonants in what kind of unusual ways?

A

Glottal stops

23
Q

Substitution of stops such as P, B, T, and D which is produced by stoppage in sudden release of air at the level of the glottis

A

Glottal stop

24
Q

Velopharyngeal inadequacy often causes what?

A

Hypernasality on oral sounds and nasally mission

25
Q

And audible air leakage through the nose

A

Nasal emission

26
Q

Speech disorders associated with central or peripheral nervous system damage

A

Dysarthria

27
Q

In adults dysarthria is often associated with a variety of neurological disorders including

A

Strokes, tumors, infectious diseases, toxic factors, metabolic disturbances, and brain trauma

28
Q

In addition to speech sound production problems dysarthria includes what other problems?

A

Respiratory, voice, resonance, and prosodic problems

29
Q

A nonprogressive congenital neuromotor disorder in children that may in many cases cause communication problems including articulatory disorders.

A

Cerebral palsy

30
Q

A neurological communication disorder characterized by difficulty and positioning the articulators correctly, resulting in such articulatory problems such as substitutions, distortions, and omissions of speech sounds

A

Apraxia of speech

31
Q

Research has generally discredited the notion that compared to those with normal articulation, children with articulation disorders are less proficient in

A

General motor tasks as finger tapping, ball tossing, or other kinds of gross or fine motor skills

32
Q

The rapid rate of alternating syllable repetition

A

Diadochokinetic rate

33
Q

Normal Diadochokinetic rates i’m not a necessary factor and articulation disorders

A

True

34
Q

Auditory thresholds exceed 25 dB HL in the case of adults and 15 dB HL in the case of children

A

Hearing loss or hearing impairment

35
Q

A person who has residual hearing that can assist in speech and language acquisition, comprehension, and production

A

Hard of hearing

36
Q

Persons not able to use their hearing for speech and language acquisition, comprehension, and production

A

Deaf

37
Q

Hearing loss present at the time of birth

A

Congenital

38
Q

Hearing loss that the onset was subsequent to birth

A

Acquired hearing loss

39
Q

How well the person hears. Measured in terms of decibels

A

Hearing acuity

40
Q

Range that varies from 0 dB HL to 15 dB HL and children and 0 dB HL 25 dB HL in adults

A

Range of normal hearing

41
Q

Associated with pathologies in the inner ear or the neural pathways that carry auditory messages to the brain

A

Sensorineural loss

42
Q

Associated with pathologies in the outer and the middle ear; the inner ear and the auditory pathway’s are normal

A

Conductive hearing loss

43
Q

Articulation disorders are associated with repeated middle ear infections

A

True

44
Q

Small plastic objects of various three-dimensional form’s place on the tongue with no visual information help assess

A

Oral form recognition

45
Q

The tongue may be stimulated it two points to assess what is known as

A

Two-point sensory discrimination

46
Q

By what age do most normally developing children have articulatory skills that represent those of adults?

A

Age 4. Although improvements made be noted until age 8 or so.

47
Q

Do you girls or boys tend to be slightly superior in speech sound acquisition?

A

Girls

48
Q

Are articulation disorders more common in boys or girls?

A

Boys

49
Q

Do I Q scores that are with in the normal limits highly correlate with scores on articulation tests?

A

No

Intelligence that falls below the normal limit is a different matter though.

50
Q

Children whose I Q that falls below what number have shown higher prevalence of articulation disorders?

A

70

51
Q

If there is one person with a given disorder there are likely to be others among the blood relatives with the same disorder. Especially for stuttering.

A

True

52
Q

A certain manner of swallowing and tongue placement in the oral cavity during rest

A

Tongue thrust

53
Q

Tongue thrust is common and normal and what age group of children?

A

Five years and below

54
Q

Tongue thrust is characterized by

A
  1. Forward gesture of the tongue during swallowing so that the tip of the tongue is contact with the lower lip.
  2. The forward carriage of the tongue in the oral cavity in such a way as to keep the tongue tip against or between the anterior teeth by the mandible is slightly open
  3. Fronting of the tongue during speech so that the tongue is in between or against the anterior teeth while the mandible is slightly open

Artic (2 decks)

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