Chapter 4

Question 1

Difference between metallic radius and covalent radius?

Answer 1

Metallic - half-distance between radii of identical metal atoms
Covalent - half-distance between radii of atoms connected by chemical bond

Question 2

Effective nuclear charge

Answer 2

Magnitude of positive charge experienced by electrons

Question 3

Ionization energy

Answer 3

Energy required to overcome nucleus attraction and remove electron

Question 4

Electronegativity

Answer 4

Tendency to attract electrons

Question 5

Metallic character

Answer 5

Tendency to lose electrons

Question 6

Nonmetallic character

Answer 6

Tendency to gain electrons

Question 7

Who created the first periodic table?

Answer 7

Mendeleev

Question 8

What did John Newlands first propose?

Answer 8

Law of octaves, where elements ordered by atomic mass

Question 9

With which 2 elements did Mendeleev’s assortment of increasing atomic mass not work?

Answer 9

Te and I

Question 10

Trend for ionization energy?

Answer 10

Increasing up/right

Question 11

Trend for Metallic character?

Answer 11

Increasing down/left

Question 12

Trend for nonmetallic character?

Answer 12

Increasing up/right

Question 13

Trend for electronegativity?

Answer 13

Increasing up/right

Question 14

Trend for atomic radius?

Answer 14

Increasing down/left

Question 15

Metalloid characteristics?

Answer 15

Silicon, semi-conductor

Question 16

Why is there a drop in ionizatio energy when moving from last element of the D block to first element of the P block?

Answer 16

Last element has a filled sublevel, more difficult to remove from stable sublevel

Question 17

Why is there a sharp jump between ionization energies of group 8A to group 1A?

Answer 17

Group 8A has a filled octave and is completely stable, difficult to remove electrons

Question 18

Element Z with atomic number 54 has ion of z^2+. Which element is this isoelectronic with?

Answer 18

Atomic number 52 (remember that 2 electrons removed)

Question 19

How did Moseley arrange the periodic table?

Answer 19

By atomic number

Question 20

What is the name for elements in S and P blocks?

Answer 20

Representative groups (group A)

Question 21

What is the name for elements in D block?

Answer 21

Transition metals (group B)

Question 22

What is the name for elements in F block?

Answer 22

Innertransition elements

Question 23

Names for elements in group 1A

Answer 23

Alkali metals

Question 24

Name for elements in group 2A

Answer 24

Alkaline earth metals

Question 25

Name for elements in group 7A

Answer 25

Halogens

Question 26

Name for elements in group 8A

Answer 26

Noble gases

Question 27

Which group is the most electronegative?

Answer 27

Halogens (7A)