Chapter 4 & 5 Flashcards
What do membrane potential reflect?
They reflect differences in the concentration of ions on inside and outside of the cell.
What are the two types of channels activated by physical changes in the cell membrane?
Voltage Activated
Stretch Activated
What are the channels activated by ligands called?
Extracellular Activation
Intracellular Activation
What is the difference between conductance and permeability?
Conductance depends on both permeability and driving force.
What is the formula for driving force?
Membrane potential (membrane voltage) minus Equilibrium potential
What is an equilibrium potential? What can be used to figure it out for each ionic species? Why is this necessary.
Ek = 58 log10 ([K]out / [K]in)
It is necessary to predict the flow of current through an ion channel.
What are the fundamental building blocks of the central nervous system?
Neurons
What is the primary function of Neurons?
Encode and transmit information in form of electrical states. Different range and type of electrical states, which is dependent on the excitable properties of the neuron’s cell membrane.
Electrical signals
Used by cells of all living organisms
Its creation is highly conserved
All organism uses the same electrical signals regardless of their roles
Three types of research
Clinical, Basic, Translational
Two major types of signals which neurons use
Electrical & Chemical
Two types of electrical signals neurons use?
Graded potentials aka analog
Action potentials aka digital
4 types of chemical signals neurons use?
GGHS
Synapses, Gas Diffusion, Gap junctions, Hormonal
How are neuronal signals studied?
Extracellular & Intracellular electrodes, pH, optical recordings
NON INVASIVE
PET scans and MRI
How does the standard neuron receive input?
Dendrites. It relays information in action potentials down axons to other target cells.
