Chapter 4 Flashcards
Energy
the capacity to do work
Chemical work
the making and breaking of chemical bonds
Kinetic Energy
is energy in motion
Potential Energy
stored energy
First Law of Thermodynamics
the total amount of energy in the universe is constant.
Closed System
nothing enters and nothing leaves (ex. the universe)
Open System
exchanges materials and energy with its surroundings (ex. the human body)
Second Law of Thermodynamics
natural spontaneous processes move from a state of order to state of randomness or disorder.
Also known as Law of Entropy.
Transport Work
enables cells to move ions, molecules, and particles through the cell membrane and through the membrane of organelles in cells.
Concentration Gradient
distributions of molecules which the concentration is higher on one side of a membrane than the other.
Mechanical Work
used for movement
Bioenergetics
the study of energy flow in biological systems.
Chemical Reactions
the process of which a substance becomes a different substance
Reaction Rate
the sped at which a reaction takes place
Free Energy
the potential energy stored in the chemical bonds of molecules.
