Chapter 4

Question 1

The body’s biological clock is located in the ________.

Answer 1

hypothalamus

Question 2

________ occurs when there is a chronic deficiency in sleep.

Answer 2

• jet lag
• rotating shift work
• circadian rhythm
• sleep debt

Question 3

_________ is the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system.

Answer 3

Homeostasis

Question 4

The brain’s clock mechanism is located in an area of the hypothalamus known as the______

Answer 4

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Question 5

________ cycles occur roughly once every 24 hours.

Answer 5

circadian

Question 6

________ is one way in which people can help reset their biological clocks.

Answer 6

Light-dark exposures

Question 7

Growth hormone is secreted by the ________ while we sleep.

Answer 7

• pineal gland
• thyroid
• pituitary gland
• pancreas

Question 8

The ________ plays a role in controlling slow-wave sleep.

Answer 8

• hypothalamus
• thalamus
• pons
• both a and b

Question 9

________ is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that plays a role in regulating biological rhythms and immune function.

Answer 9

• growth hormone
• melatonin
• LH
• FSH

Question 10

________ appears to be especially important for enhanced performance on recently learned tasks.

Answer 10

• melatonin
• slow-wave sleep
• sleep deprivation
• growth hormone

Question 11

________ is(are) described as slow-wave sleep.

Answer 11

stage 1

• stage 2
• stage 3 and stage 4
• REM sleep

Question 12

Sleep spindles and K-complexes are most often associated with ________ sleep.

Answer 12

• stage 1
• stage 2
• stage 3 and stage 4
• REM

Question 13

Symptoms of ________ may be improved by REM deprivation.

Answer 13

• schizophrenia
• Parkinson’s disease
• depression
• generalized anxiety disorder

Question 14

The ________ content of a dream refers to the true meaning of the dream.

Answer 14

• latent
• manifest
• collective unconscious
• important

Question 15

________ is loss of muscle tone or control that is often associated with narcolepsy.

Answer 15

• RBD
• CPAP
• cataplexy
• insomnia

Question 16

An individual may suffer from ________ if there is a disruption in the brain signals that are sent to the muscles that regulate breathing.

Answer 16

• central sleep apnea
• obstructive sleep apnea
• narcolepsy
• SIDS

Question 17

The most common treatment for ________ involves the use of amphetamine-like medications.

Answer 17

• sleep apnea
• RBD
• SIDS
• narcolepsy

Question 18

________ is another word for sleepwalking.

Answer 18

• insomnia
• somnambulism
• cataplexy
• narcolepsy

Question 19

________ occurs when a drug user requires more and more of a given drug in order to experience the same effects of the drug.

Answer 19

• withdrawal
• psychological dependence
• tolerance
• reuptake

Question 20

Cocaine blocks the reuptake of ________.

Answer 20

• glutamate
• acetylcholine
• dopamine
• GABA

Question 21

________ refers to drug craving.

Answer 21

• psychological dependence
• antagonism
• agonism
• physical dependence

Question 22

LSD affects ________ neurotransmission.

Answer 22

• dopamine
• serotonin
• acetylcholine
• norepinephrine

Question 23

________ is most effective in individuals that are very open to the power of suggestion.

Answer 23

• hypnosis
• meditation
• mindful awareness
• cognitive therapy

Question 24

________ has its roots in religious practice.

Answer 24

• hypnosis
• meditation
• cognitive therapy
• behavioral therapy

Question 25

Meditation may be helpful in ________.

Answer 25

• pain management
• stress control
• treating the flu
• both a and b

Question 26

Research suggests that cognitive processes, such as learning, may be affected by ________.

Answer 26

• hypnosis
• meditation
• mindful awareness
• progressive relaxation