Chapter 4

Question 1

complex

Answer 1

having many parts, details, or ideas; made up of many related parts; complicated

Question 2

region

Answer 2

a broad geographic area with similar features

Question 3

caravan

Answer 3

a group of merchants traveling together for safety, usually with a large number of camels; a group of traveling merchants and animals

Question 4

city-state

Answer 4

a city that governs itself and its surrounding territory

Question 5

cuneiform

Answer 5

writing developed by the Sumerians that used wedge-shaped marks made in soft clay

Question 6

irrigation

Answer 6

a system that supplies dry land with water through ditches, pipes, or streams

Question 7

surplus

Answer 7

an amount that is left over after a need has been met

Question 8

empire

Answer 8

a large territory or group of many territories governed by one ruler

Question 9

parallel

Answer 9

moving or lying in the same direction and the same distance apart

Question 10

province

Answer 10

a territory governed as a political district of a country or empire

Question 11

silt

Answer 11

fine particles of fertile soil

Question 12

polytheism

Answer 12

a belief in more than one god

Question 13

scribe

Answer 13

a person who copies or writes out documents; often a record keeper

Question 14

astronomer

Answer 14

a person who studies planets and stars

Question 15

tribute

Answer 15

payment made to a ruler or state as a sign of surrender; payment to a ruler as a sign of submission or for protection

Question 16

code

Answer 16

a set of official rules; a system of principles or rules

Question 17

consist

Answer 17

to be made up of

Question 18

military

Answer 18

of or relating to soldiers, arms, or war, the armed forces

Question 19

ziggurat

Answer 19

a pyramid-shaped structure with a temple at the top

Question 20

What was the one invention by the Sumerians that had a significant effect on later civilizations, explain?

Answer 20

• the wheel

* It helped with transportation as well as chariots

Question 21

What heroic thing did Gilgamesh do in his epic?

Answer 21

He traveled around the world and performed great deeds

Question 22

Who rebelled against the Assyrians and why?

Answer 22

• The Chaldeans rebelled

* They did it because the Assyrians were cruel and mean and destroyed cities, dams, and fields

Question 23

Who wrote a legal law code the covered most areas of daily life? List an example of a law.

Answer 23

• Hammurabi

* ¨Eye for an eye………..Tooth for a tooth¨

Question 24

What does an astronomer study?

Answer 24

*They study stars or heavenly bodies

Question 25

Why did Sumerian City-states go to war with one another?

Answer 25

• They fought over land boundaries and resources

* not to increase trade

Question 26

Wat were the summers like in Sumer? How did they get enough water for their crops?

Answer 26

• very dry

* collected water in basins and used irrigation to the fields

Question 27

Who rebuilt babylon and created one of the seven wonders of the ancient world? Name what he created?

Answer 27

• Nebuchadnezzar

* Hanging Gardens

Question 28

Why was the Assyrian army so strong

Answer 28

• well trained
• had strong iron weapons
• 50,000 soldiers

Question 29

Which city had the first library? Where was this city located and what empire was it a part of?

Answer 29

• Nineveh
• along the Tigris River
• a part of the Assyrian Empire

Question 30

Who invented the first 12-month calendar and what was it based on?

Answer 30

• Sumerians

* cycles of the moon

Question 31

What group of people were in the middle class of Sumer

Answer 31

*merchants, farmers, fisherman, and artisans

Question 32

What was the role of women in Sumerian society

Answer 32

They cared for the house and took care of the children

Question 33

Describe the Sumerians religious beliefs?

Answer 33

• They believed gods were in charge of farming and nature

Question 34

Who created the first empire? Describe this empire?

Answer 34

• Sargon
• lasted 200
• conquered people of Mesopotamia

Question 35

Who were most likely the first Sumerian kings?

Answer 35

war heroes or warriors

Question 36

What present day countries are part of the Fertile Crescent?

Answer 36

Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan

Question 37

What were the majority of Sumerians

Answer 37

• Farmers

* They were not skilled workers because there was not a lot of metal there, and they had to trade for it