Chapter 4: Ethical guidelines for psychology research

Question 1

the belmont report

Answer 1

• respect for people
• beneficience
• justice

Question 2

principle of respect for people

Answer 2

• informed consent
• no coercion (implicit or explicit suggestions that those who do not participate in the study will suffer negative consequences)
• no undue influence (offering an incentive that is too attractive to refuse)

Question 3

principle of beneficience

Answer 3

researchers carefully assess the risks and benefits of the study and in addition, they must consider how the community might benefit or be harmed by the study

Question 4

principle of justice

Answer 4

requires a fair balance between the kinds of people who participate in a research study and the kinds of people who benefit from it

Question 5

anonymous study

Answer 5

researchers do not collect any potentially identifying information

Question 6

confidential study

Answer 6

researchers collect some identifying information but prevent it from being disclosed

Question 7

the APA ethical principles

Answer 7

• respect for people
• beneficience
• justice
• fidelity and responsibility (establishing relationships of trust and accepting responsibility for professional behavior)
• integrity (researchers, teachers, and practitioners should strive to be accurate, truthful, and honest in their roles)

Question 8

institutional review board (IRB)

Answer 8

a committee responsible for interpreting eithical principles and ensuring that research using human participants is conducted ethically

Question 9

informed consent

Answer 9

obtained by providing a written document that outlines the procedures, risk, and benefits of the research

Question 10

deception

Answer 10

the withholding of some details of a study from participants (deception through omission) or the act of actively lying to them (deception through commission)

Question 11

debriefing

Answer 11

researchers describe the nature of the deception and explain why it was necessary
- nondeceptive studies may also include a debriefing session

Question 12

data fabrication

Answer 12

instead of recording what really happened in a study, researchers invent data that fit their hypothesis

Question 13

data falsification

Answer 13

researchers influence a study’s results by selectively deleting observations or by influencing their research subjects to act in a hypothesized way

Question 14

plagiarism

Answer 14

representing the ideas and words of others as one’s own

Question 15

self-plagiarism

Answer 15

recycling your own previously published texts

Question 16

institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC)

Answer 16

must approve any animal research project before it can begin

Question 17

animal care guidelines

Answer 17

• replacement
• refinement
• reduction

Question 18

replacement

Answer 18

researchers should find alternatives to animal research when possible

Question 19

refinement

Answer 19

researchers must modify experimental procedures and other aspects of animal care to minimize or eliminate animal distress

Question 20

reduction

Answer 20

researchers should adopt experimental designs and procedures that require the fewest animal subjects as possible