Chapter 4- Metalliac Bonding

Question 1

Define a Metalliac Substance

Answer 1

They are made up of an array of cations in a sea of electrons

Question 2

What are the properties of a metalliac substance?

Answer 2

• Lustrous
• Good conductors of heat and electricity
• Malleable
• Ductile
• High Density
• Various melting points (most high)
• Do not break easily

Question 3

Explain metals lustre

Answer 3

The lustrous appearance is from the free moving electrons being able to reflect the light.

Question 4

Explain metals high melting point/hardness

Answer 4

Usually shows that the metalliac bond is strong

Question 5

Explain metals malleablity and ductility

Answer 5

They have a non-directional nature. They can pass one another without aggravation. Properties do not change when they become thinner.

Question 6

Explain metals conduction of heat

Answer 6

• Electrons gain kinetic energy and move from hot to cold areas of the metal.
• Heat causes electrons to move faster
• Hence they bump into eachother
• The bumping transfers heat

Question 7

Explain metals conduction of electricity

Answer 7

Electrons move towards a positive charge, so there is a flow of electrons, this is called an electric current.

Question 8

What is an alloy metal

Answer 8

An alloy is a metal that has various metals mixed in with one another, some including non-metals.

Question 9

Do the properties of an alloy change from the original metal?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

Define Subsitutional Alloy

Answer 10

If both of the metals have roughly the same atom size then the can replace eachother in the crystal lattice

Question 11

Define Interstital Alloy

Answer 11

When two combining metals have a great variation in atom size, therefore smaller atoms fit between the larger ones.

Question 12

Explain briefly the properties of each block (s,p,d,f)

Answer 12

s- very reactive, low density, low melting point, usually make compounds that are white
p-metals, non-metals, metalloids properties vary
d- transition metals, make compounds that are coloured, good catalysts

Question 13

Explain the Ball Bearing Model

Answer 13

• When a metal bends atoms are sliding over one another
• The more easily they slide the more easily the metal will bend
• perfect rows = bending distored rows= no bending easily

Question 14

What is worked hardening?

Answer 14

Modifying or bending physically cold metals causes work hardening.
-Metal becomes tougher and it cannot bend back into its original shape

Question 15

What are the three ways that metals can be modified usuing heat

Answer 15

• Anneal
• Quenching
• Tempering

Question 16

Define Annealed and explain product

Answer 16

Heated until red hot then cooled down. This results in a larger and softer molecule, as well as restoring ductiblity.
Produces a softer metal

Question 17

Define Quenched and explain product

Answer 17

Heated untill red hot then immediately placed in cold water. Small and brittle crystals are formed

Question 18

Define Tempered and explain product

Answer 18

Quenched metals that are warmed again to a lower temperature and then allowed to cool slowly.
-Product will have reduced brittleness thus allowing it to maintain its hardness

Question 19

Properties, uses and reactivity of the s-block.

Answer 19

• Alkai metals are very reactive, mostly found in compounds
• Alkali metals have a low density and a low melting point.
• Alkaline earth metals are less reactive, harder, and will have a higher melting point than the alkali metals.
• Both groups usually form compounds that are white

Question 20

Specific uses and properties of the p-block metals

Answer 20

The p block contains metals and non-metals. The properties of the metals vary

Question 21

Specfic uses and properties of the d-block

Answer 21

• Form coloured compounds.
• Most are used in the form of alloys
• Often used as catalyst

Question 22

Why are alloys useful?

Answer 22

Alloys are useful as metals such as sodium cannot be used on its own due to it’s high reactivity. However when alloyed with other metals, it can have very many useful purposes.

Question 23

How are alloys prepared?

Answer 23

Melting the metals or other materials together and cooling the mixture.

Question 24

Specfic uses and properties of the f-block

Answer 24

Mainly radioactive

Question 25

What is the purpose of surface protection

Answer 25

Provent air and water from coming in contact with the metal. e.g plastic, paint, grease

Question 26

Nobel Coatin

Answer 26

A coating using a metal that is less reactive than steel, it serves purely as coating.

Question 27

What happens with nobel coating is scratched

Answer 27

Rapid corrosion of the exposed steel.

Question 28

Why can’t zinc be used as noble coating?

Answer 28

It is posionous to the human body therefore husehold items are plated with tin and chromium.

Question 29

Sacrifical coating

Answer 29

A coating using a metal that is more reactive than steel.

Question 30

What occurs in a break in sacrifical coating

Answer 30

Formation of an electrochemical cell, the coating corrodes and the steel is protected. Zinc is the most common form/

Question 31

What influences the extraction of metals

Answer 31

The reactivity of metals

Question 32

Extraction of iron: The blast furnace

Answer 32

• Rock is crushed into fist size pieces o rock
• Rocks are heated
• Calcium carbonatie is added to reduce the iron oxides
• A mixture of iron ore, coke and limestone is added at the top of the furnance
• Hot air is blasted through
• Iron falls to the bottom of the furnace

Question 33

Environmental Impacts of iron production on society

Answer 33

• Destruction of landscape for open cutting
• Carbon dioxide waste contributes to greenhouse affect
• Sulfur dioxide contributes to acid rain