Chapter 4 - Nervous System Drugs Flashcards
What is the difference between an agonist and an opioid antagonist
Agonist- combines with a receptor to bring about an action.
Antagonist - combines with a receptor to block an action
Define neurotransmitter
Chemical substance released by a nerve ending at the synapse. Stimulates, inhibits or changes activity on adjacent neuron.
Which area of the brain relays info from spinal cord and brainstem to the cerebrum?
Thalamus
What do CNS drugs do to neurotransmitters?
Interrupt generation or conduction of nerve impulses and interfere with neurotransmitters
The (2) primary neurotransmitters for adrenergic receptors
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Four primary ways in which drugs affect the ANS
- Mimic neurotransmitters
- Interfere with neurotransmitter release
- Block attachment of neurotransmitter to receptor
- Interfere with breakdown of neurotransmitters
Five uses of cholinergic agents.
- Control vomiting
- Treat urinary retention.
- Stimulate GI activity
- Treat glaucoma
- Aid in diagnosis of myasthenia Gravis
What drug class includes atropine, scopolamine, glycopyrrolate and aminopentamide?
Cholinergic blocking agents (or anticholinergic)
What drug category treats cardiac arrest and anaphylactic shock?
Adrenergic (is sympathomimetic)
Propranolol falls under what category of drug?
Beta blocker
What are some adverse side effects of xylazine, and what drug may be used to antagonize its effects?
- Bradycardia and hypotension
2. Yohimbine
Why is thiobarbiturate use a concern in thin dogs?
Fat soluble; more drug will remain in bloodstream of thin dogs. May cause cns depression.
What are some characteristics of a cat on ketamine?
Analgesia Increased muscle tone Maintenance of pharyngeal reflexes Muscle tremors Loss of blink reflex
Signs of narcotic overdose
Respiratory depression Cardiac depression Agitation Excitement Seizures
List two narcotic antagonists
Naloxone and nalorphine
