Chapter 4: Population

Question 1

Crude birth rates

Answer 1

• annual number of live births per 1000 midyear population

- “crude” b/c relates to total pop. w/o regarding age or sex composition of pop.

Question 2

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Answer 2

• average number of children that would be born to each woman if during her childbearing yrs she bore children at current yr’s rate for women that age
• number of births per 1000 women
• calculated by adding up all Age-Specific Fertility rates (ASFR), multiplying by sum of 5 (width of age-group interval), then dividing by 1000

Question 3

Replacement level

Answer 3

level at which each successive generation of women produces exactly enough children to ensure same number of women reach childbearing age themselves
- TFRs of 2.1-2.3

Question 4

Factors that influence TFR

Question 5

Population Geography

Answer 5

• pop. is point of reference from which all other elements are observes, and from which they all singly and collectively derive significance and meaning

Question 6

Demographic Equality

Question 7

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

Answer 7

• rate of pop. change in absence of migration (i.e. natural)
• measured in persons per 1000 population
• birth rate and death rate

Question 8

Demographic equation

Answer 8

change in a region’s population stems from 3 basic life events (born, migrate, die)

Question 9

Demographic Transition Groups

Answer 9

countries fall in 3 groups:

• group A: transitioned from high RNI to low RNI
• group B: saw declining birth and death rates but were behind A
• group C: birth and death rates remained high relative to A and B

Question 10

Demographic Transition Model

Answer 10

• traces changing levels of human fertility and mortality associated with industrialization, etc.

Question 11

Population Pyramid

Answer 11

• powerful means of visualizing and comparing a population’s age and sex composition

Question 12

Cohort

Answer 12

population group unified by specified temporal characteristic (e.g. age cohort of 0-4)

Question 13

Population projection based on shapes of population pyramids

Question 14

Dependency Ratio

Answer 14

• number of people under 15 and over 64 divided by working age population
• the higher the ratio is, the more people each worker has to support

Question 15

Crude death rates

Answer 15

• mortality rates

- annual number of deaths per 1000 midyear population

Question 16

Infant mortality rate

Answer 16

• number of deaths of infants aged 1 yr or under per 1000 live births
• improved over yrs as result of better health services and sanitation

Question 17

Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)

Answer 17

• risk of motherhood
• maternal deaths per 100,000 live births
• maternal deaths: deaths of women while pregnant, during childbirth or within 42 days of delivery/termination
• one of the most glaring global inequalities

Question 18

Pregnancy-related mortality ratio

Answer 18

• pregnancy related death: deaths of women while pregnant, during childbirth, or within 2 months of delivery/termination

Question 19

Population Density

Answer 19

relationship between number of inhabitants and area they occupy

Question 20

Doubling Times

Answer 20

time it takes for a population to double if present growth rate remains constant

Question 21

Demographic Transition Model Stages

Answer 21

stage 1: high birth and high but fluctuating death rates
stage 2: industrialization, falling death rates, high birth rates
stage 3: birth rates decline
stage 4: very low birth and death rates
stage 5: death rates exceed birth rates and pop. are in decline