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BIOLOGY > CHAPTER 4: Tissues > Flashcards

CHAPTER 4: Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

A group of similar Cells, and the substances surrounding them - “knit” together as a unit

A

Tissues

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2
Q

Microscopic study of Tissues

A

Histology

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3
Q

Microscopic DIAGNOSIS of disease

A

Pathology

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4
Q

4 Primary Tissues

A
  1. Epithelial*
  2. Connective*
  3. Muscle
  4. Nervous
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5
Q

Process of removing tissue samples for diagnostic purposes (surgically, or with a needle)

A

biopsy

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6
Q

Substance surrounding cells

A

extracellular matrix

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7
Q

__ days after fertilization, the cells that give rise to an individual, form an elongated disk of three layers.

A

18 days

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8
Q

Three Germ Layers

A
  1. ENDO-derm (inner)
  2. MESO-derm (middle)
  3. ECTO-derm (outer)
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9
Q

Germ layers give rise to all ____.

A

the tissues of the body

“GERM-inate”

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10
Q

Germ layer that forms the lining of the Digestive Tract, and its derivatives

A

Endoderm

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11
Q

Germ layer that forms Tissues, such as Muscle, Bone, and Blood Vessels

A

Mesoderm

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12
Q

Germ layer that forms the (outermost layer of the) Skin & the Nervous System

A

Ectoderm

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13
Q

Portion of the Ectoderm that becomes the Nervous System

A

Neuroectoderm

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14
Q

Type of Tissue - a PROTECTIVE COVERING of external AND internal surfaces of the body

A

Epithelium

or, Epithelial Tissue

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15
Q

Epithelium covers surfaces of the body, and forms ___

A

GLANDS

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16
Q

T/F:

Epithelium consists almost entirely of cells, with very LITTLE extracellular matrix between them

A

True

17
Q

3 surfaces of most Epithelial Tissue

A
  1. Free / Apical
  2. Lateral
  3. Basal
18
Q

The FREE surface of epithelial tissue (is/is not) attached to other epithelial cells

A

is NOT attached

19
Q

The LATERAL surface of epithelial tissue (is/is not) attached to other epithelial cells

A

IS attached

20
Q

The BASAL surface of epithelial tissue is attached to a __ __.

A

basement membrane

21
Q

A mesh-work of proteins and other molecules that is attached to the Basal surface

A

basement membrane

22
Q

The FREE surface of epithelial tissue - often lines the Lumen of __, __, __

A

ducts, vessels, or cavities

23
Q

Basement Membrane - plays an important role in _____ during tissue repair.

A

Supporting and Guiding cell migration

24
Q

T/F:

Epithelium is avascular (does not contain blood vessels)

A

True

25
Q

Epithelial cells exchange gases and nutrients by

A

DIFFUSION with blood vessels

-in underlying tissues

26
Q

4 Functions of Epithelia

A
  1. Protective Barrier
  2. Permits passage - of substances
  3. Secreting - substances
  4. Absorbing - substances
27
Q

Epithelia are classified according to

A
  1. NUMBER of cell layers

2. SHAPES of the cells

28
Q

CLASSIFICATION:

__ epithelium consists of a single layer of cells

A

Simple

29
Q

CLASSIFICATION:

__ epithelium consists of more than one layer of cells

A

Stratified

30
Q

3 cell SHAPES

A
  1. Squamous
  2. Cuboidal
  3. Columnar
31
Q

STRATIFIED Epithelium: Named according to ___

A

the shape of the cells at the FREE surface

32
Q

Simple Squamous: Location

A

Alveoli (lungs) *

33
Q

Simple Squamous: Function

A
  1. Diffusion *
  2. Filtration *
  3. Secretion (protects from friction)
34
Q

Simple Cuboidal: Location

A

Kidney tubules

Glands (& their ducts)

35
Q

Simple Cuboidal: Function

A

Active Transport

Facilitated Diffusion

36
Q

(layers) SIMPLE epithelium… FUNCTION:

A

Diffusion

Secretion/Absorption

37
Q

(layers) STRATIFIED epithelium… FUNCTION:

A

PROTECTION

“layer up for more protection!”

38
Q

(shapes) SQUAMOUS cells… FUNCTION:

A

Diffusion/

Filtration

39
Q

(shapes) CUBOIDAL or COLUMNAR cells… FUNCTION:

A

Secretion/Absorption

BIOLOGY (5 decks)

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